Table of Content

1 INTRODUCTION 27
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES 27
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 27
1.3 STUDY SCOPE 28
1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED AND REGIONAL SCOPE 28
1.3.2 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 29
1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED 30
1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED 31
1.5 UNITS CONSIDERED 31
1.6 STAKEHOLDERS 31
1.7 SUMMARY OF CHANGES 32
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 33
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 33
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 34
2.1.1.1 Major secondary sources 34
2.1.1.2 Key data from secondary sources 35
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 35
2.1.2.1 List of primary interview participants 35
2.1.2.2 Key data from primary sources 36
2.1.2.3 Key industry insights 37
2.1.2.4 Breakdown of primaries 37
2.1.3 SECONDARY AND PRIMARY RESEARCH 38
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 39
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 40
2.2.1.1 Market size estimation through bottom-up approach (demand side) 40
2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 41
2.2.2.1 Market size estimation through top-down approach (supply side) 41
2.3 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION 42
2.4 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS 43
2.5 RISK ASSESSMENT 43
2.6 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 43
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 44
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 49
4.1 OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET 49
4.2 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY TRANSMISSION TYPE 50
4.3 FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION 50
4.4 FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY 51
4.5 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY 51
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 52
5.1 INTRODUCTION 52
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 52
5.2.1 DRIVERS 53
5.2.1.1 FSO market 53
5.2.1.1.1 Effective alternative to RF technology for long-distance outdoor communication 53
5.2.1.1.2 Ability to revolutionize high-bandwidth networks through bridging connectivity gap 53
5.2.1.2 VLC/Li-Fi market 54
5.2.1.2.1 Faster and safer data transfer 54
5.2.1.2.2 High adoption of LEDs due to their energy efficiency 55
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 56
5.2.2.1 FSO market 56
5.2.2.1.1 High installation costs of FSO solutions 56
5.2.2.2 VLC/Li-Fi market 56
5.2.2.2.1 Suited only for short-range communication applications 56
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 57
5.2.3.1 FSO market 57
5.2.3.1.1 Increasing adoption of FSO over RF in space programs 57
5.2.3.2 VLC/Li-Fi market 58
5.2.3.2.1 Growing adoption of Li-Fi in various industries 58
5.2.3.2.2 Emergence of new applications such as IoT and 5G 58
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 60
5.2.4.1 FSO market 60
5.2.4.1.1 Reliability issues due to fading signals during propagation 60
5.2.4.2 VLC/Li-Fi market 61
5.2.4.2.1 Lack of technological awareness 61
5.3 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS 62
5.4 PRICING ANALYSIS 63
5.4.1 INDICATIVE PRICING OF FSO & VLC/LI-FI SOLUTIONS, 2024 63
5.4.2 INDICATIVE PRICING OF LI-FI SYSTEMS, BY KEY PLAYER, 2024 63
5.4.3 INDICATIVE PRICING OF FSO & VLC/LI-FI COMPONENTS, BY REGION, 2024 64
5.5 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 64
5.6 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS 67
5.7 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO 69
5.8 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 69
5.8.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES 69
5.8.1.1 Li-Fi technology 69
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5.8.2 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES 70
5.8.2.1 Optical fiber technology 70
5.9 IMPACT OF AI ON FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET 71
5.10 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS 72
5.10.1 EC SYSTEM DEPLOYS WIRELESS OPTICAL LINK FOR OPTICAL WIRELESS POINT-TO-POINT CONNECTION TO TRANSMIT DATA 72
5.10.2 EC SYSTEM IMPLEMENTS CABLE-FREE OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY IN EBENE CYBER CITY FOR HIGH-RELIABILITY WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY 72
5.10.3 BABCOCK USES LI-FI TO IMPROVE INFORMATION GATHERING 73
5.11 PATENT ANALYSIS 74
5.12 TRADE ANALYSIS 78
5.12.1 IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 853950) 78
5.12.2 EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 853950) 79
5.13 TARIFF AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 80
5.13.1 TARIFF ANALYSIS (HS CODE 853950) 80
5.13.2 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 81
5.13.3 REGULATORY STANDARDS 83
5.14 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024–2025 84
5.15 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 85
5.15.1 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 86
5.15.2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 86
5.15.3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 86
5.15.4 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 86
5.15.5 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 86
5.16 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA 87
5.16.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 87
5.16.2 BUYING CRITERIA 88
6 FREE SPACE OPTICS (FSO) MARKET 90
6.1 FSO MARKET, BY COMPONENT 91
6.1.1 INTRODUCTION 91
6.1.2 TRANSMITTERS 92
6.1.2.1 Low maintenance requirements to drive adoption 92
6.1.3 RECEIVERS 92
6.1.3.1 Use of photodetectors to propel market 92
6.1.4 MODULATORS & DEMODULATORS 93
6.1.4.1 Efficient communication to boost demand 93
6.2 FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION 93
6.2.1 INTRODUCTION 93
6.2.2 MOBILE BACKHAUL 95
6.2.2.1 Increasing demand for high-frequency bandwidth and cost reduction to propel market 95
6.2.3 ENTERPRISE CONNECTIVITY 98
6.2.3.1 Significant reduction in cabling cost and high resistance to signal interception to drive market 98
6.2.4 DISASTER RECOVERY 99
6.2.4.1 Fast and ease of deployment in disaster areas to drive market 99
6.2.5 DEFENSE OPERATIONS 99
6.2.5.1 Secure and reliable communication to boost adoption 99
6.2.6 SATELLITE 101
6.2.6.1 Significant data quantity transfer at high speed to foster market growth 101
6.2.7 HEALTHCARE DEVICES 102
6.2.7.1 Need to collect vital data from daily routines to increase adoption 102
6.2.8 SECURITY 103
6.2.8.1 Security and non-interception of data to drive market 103
6.2.9 ENGINEERING & DESIGN 104
6.2.9.1 Growing use for end-to-end system simulations to support market growth 104
6.2.10 OTHER FSO APPLICATIONS 105
6.3 FSO MARKET, BY VERTICAL 106
6.3.1 INTRODUCTION 106
6.3.2 IT & TELECOMMUNICATIONS 108
6.3.2.1 Increasing deployment of 5G networks to propel market 108
6.3.3 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 108
6.3.3.1 Significant increase in global demand for high-speed internet connectivity to fuel market 108
6.3.4 AEROSPACE & DEFENSE 109
6.3.4.1 Concerns regarding national security to drive demand 109
6.3.5 MEDICAL 109
6.3.5.1 Reliability in healthcare and biomedical services to boost market 109
6.3.6 AUTOMOTIVE 109
6.3.6.1 Growing demand for vehicular communication to drive market 109
6.3.7 OTHER FSO VERTICALS 110
6.4 FSO MARKET, BY REGION 110
6.4.1 INTRODUCTION 110
6.4.2 NORTH AMERICA 112
6.4.2.1 Macroeconomic outlook for North America 114
6.4.2.2 US 114
6.4.2.2.1 Rising government subsidies and direct investments in telecommunication infrastructure to boost market 114
6.4.2.3 Canada 114
6.4.2.3.1 Rising use in disaster recovery applications to fuel market growth 114
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6.4.2.4 Mexico 115
6.4.2.4.1 Increasing awareness about benefits of FSO solutions to boost adoption 115
6.4.3 EUROPE 115
6.4.3.1 Macroeconomic outlook for Europe 118
6.4.3.2 Germany 118
6.4.3.2.1 Strong focus on digitalization to fuel market growth 118
6.4.3.3 France 119
6.4.3.3.1 Increasing demand for high-speed data transfer for businesses and residents to boost market 119
6.4.3.4 UK 119
6.4.3.4.1 Robust telecommunications network to support integration 119
6.4.3.5 Rest of Europe 119
6.4.4 ASIA PACIFIC 120
6.4.4.1 Macroeconomic outlook for Asia Pacific 122
6.4.4.2 China 122
6.4.4.2.1 Rapid urbanization and increasing demand for high-speed data to boost deployment 122
6.4.4.3 Japan 123
6.4.4.3.1 Technological advancements, dense urban areas,
and focus on innovation to drive market 123
6.4.4.4 South Korea 123
6.4.4.4.1 Increasing demand for high-speed, reliable connectivity in densely populated cities to propel market 123
6.4.4.5 Rest of Asia Pacific 123
6.4.5 ROW 123
6.4.5.1 Macroeconomic outlook for RoW 125
6.4.5.2 South America 126
6.4.5.2.1 Rapid urbanization and increasing demand for high-speed connectivity to boost market 126
6.4.5.3 Middle East & Africa 126
6.4.5.3.1 Pressing need for high-speed connectivity in remote and underserved areas to propel market 126
6.4.5.3.2 GCC countries 126
6.4.5.3.3 Africa & Rest of Middle East 126
7 VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION (VLC)/ LIGHT FIDELITY (LI-FI) MARKET 127
7.1 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COMPONENT 128
7.1.1 INTRODUCTION 128
7.1.2 LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES (LEDS) 130
7.1.2.1 Ability to create new form of high-speed optical wireless communication to drive market 130
7.1.2.2 Phosphorus LEDs 131
7.1.2.3 Red, green, and blue (RGB) LEDs 131
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7.1.2.4 Resonant cavity LEDs (RCLEDs) 132
7.1.2.5 Organic LEDs (OLEDs) 132
7.1.2.6 Microlens LEDs 132
7.1.2.7 Near-infrared or ultraviolet LEDs 133
7.1.3 PHOTODETECTORS 134
7.1.3.1 Ability to transmit data at high speed to boost demand 134
7.1.3.2 Photodiode 134
7.1.3.3 Image sensor 134
7.1.4 MICROCONTROLLERS 136
7.1.4.1 Ability to simplify data processing to drive market 136
7.1.4.2 Modulator & demodulator 136
7.1.4.2.1 Modulation 136
7.1.4.2.1.1 Pulse width modulation (PWM) 136
7.1.4.2.1.2 Pulse position modulation (PPM) 136
7.1.4.2.1.3 Variable pulse position modulation (VPPM) 136
7.1.4.2.1.4 Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) 137
7.1.4.2.1.5 Color shift keying (CSK) 137
7.1.4.2.1.6 Frequency shift keying (FSK) 137
7.1.4.2.1.7 Orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) 137
7.1.4.2.1.8 Spatial modulation (SM) 137
7.1.4.2.2 Demodulation 137
7.1.4.2.2.1 Diode detector 137
7.1.4.2.2.2 Synchronous detector 138
7.1.5 SOFTWARE 139
7.1.5.1 Importance of software component for communicating in VLC systems to boost market 139
7.2 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY TRANSMISSION TYPE 140
7.2.1 INTRODUCTION 140
7.2.2 UNIDIRECTIONAL TRANSMISSION 142
7.2.2.1 Wide range of applications in broadcast services, streetlights, museums, smart stores, and indoor to propel market 142
7.2.3 BIDIRECTIONAL TRANSMISSION 142
7.2.3.1 Demand for high-speed internet connectivity between devices to drive market 142
7.3 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION 142
7.3.1 INTRODUCTION 142
7.3.2 SMART STORES 145
7.3.2.1 Growing use of VLC/Li-fi solutions to improve customer experience to fuel market growth 145
7.3.3 STREETLIGHTS 146
7.3.3.1 Ability to offers internet connectivity with installation of LED lights to drive market 146
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7.3.4 CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 148
7.3.4.1 Rising demand for interconnected electronic gadgets
to propel market 148
7.3.4.2 Residential 150
7.3.4.3 Commercial 150
7.3.5 DEFENSE & SECURITY 151
7.3.5.1 Escalating demand for highly secure communication networks to drive market 151
7.3.6 VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION 152
7.3.6.1 Growing adoption of VLC in intelligent transportation systems
to drive market 152
7.3.6.2 Vehicle-to-vehicle communication 155
7.3.6.3 Location-based service 155
7.3.6.4 Intelligent transportation system 156
7.3.6.4.1 Advanced traffic management system 156
7.3.6.4.2 Advanced traveler information system 156
7.3.6.4.3 Vehicle-to-infrastructure communication 157
7.3.6.4.4 Advanced public transportation system 157
7.3.7 AVIATION 158
7.3.7.1 Rising preference for radiation-free communication in aircraft
to fuel market 158
7.3.8 HOSPITALS 160
7.3.8.1 Increasing use of e-healthcare solutions to support market growth 160
7.3.8.2 Asset tracking 162
7.3.8.3 Patient tracking 162
7.3.8.4 Data monitoring 162
7.3.9 UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION 162
7.3.9.1 Urgent need to overcome limitations of communication systems to drive market 162
7.3.10 HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS 164
7.3.10.1 Increasing demand for safer communication modes to propel market 164
7.3.11 OTHER VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS 166
7.3.11.1 Museums 168
7.3.11.2 Digital signages 168
7.3.11.3 Hotels & casinos 168
7.3.11.4 Logistics 168
7.4 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY REGION 169
7.4.1 INTRODUCTION 169
7.4.2 NORTH AMERICA 171
7.4.2.1 Macroeconomic outlook for North America 173
7.4.2.2 US 173
7.4.2.2.1 Increasing demand for alternative communication technologies to accelerate growth 173
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7.4.2.3 Canada 174
7.4.2.3.1 Commercial and industrial applications enhancing data transmission speeds and network reliability to fuel market 174
7.4.2.4 Mexico 174
7.4.2.4.1 Favorable economic conditions, expanding consumer base, government incentives, and technological advancements to drive market 174
7.4.3 EUROPE 175
7.4.3.1 Macroeconomic outlook for Europe 177
7.4.3.2 Germany 178
7.4.3.2.1 Automotive, manufacturing, and technology sectors to fuel market growth 178
7.4.3.3 France 178
7.4.3.3.1 Presence of prominent players to boost market growth 178
7.4.3.4 UK 179
7.4.3.4.1 Presence of leading research institutions and key market players to drive market 179
7.4.3.5 Rest of Europe 179
7.4.4 ASIA PACIFIC 180
7.4.4.1 Macroeconomic outlook for Asia Pacific 182
7.4.4.2 China 182
7.4.4.2.1 Rapid urbanization, technological advancements, and increasing demand for high-speed wireless connectivity to drive market 182
7.4.4.3 Japan 183
7.4.4.3.1 Demand for underwater communications and intelligent transportation systems to propel market 183
7.4.4.4 South Korea 183
7.4.4.4.1 Technological advancements, increased consumer demand, and evolving regulatory frameworks to drive market 183
7.4.4.5 Rest of Asia Pacific 184
7.4.5 ROW 184
7.4.5.1 Macroeconomic outlook for RoW 186
7.4.5.2 South America 186
7.4.5.2.1 Early adoption of VLC/Li-Fi technology in Brazil to drive market 186
7.4.5.3 Middle East & Africa 187
7.4.5.3.1 Strong need for reliable communication equipment from oil & gas industry to contribute to market growth 187
7.4.5.3.2 GCC countries 187
7.4.5.3.3 Africa & Rest of Middle East 187
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8 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 188
8.1 INTRODUCTION 188
8.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2021–2023 188
8.3 REVENUE ANALYSIS, 2021–2023 190
8.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2023 190
8.5 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS 194
8.6 PRODUCT COMPARISON 195
8.7 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023 195
8.7.1 STARS 195
8.7.2 EMERGING LEADERS 195
8.7.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS 196
8.7.4 PARTICIPANTS 196
8.7.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023 197
8.7.5.1 Company footprint 197
8.7.5.2 Region footprint 198
8.7.5.3 Component footprint 199
8.7.5.4 Application footprint 200
8.8 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023 201
8.8.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 201
8.8.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 201
8.8.3 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 201
8.8.4 STARTING BLOCKS 201
8.8.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023 203
8.8.5.1 Detailed list of key startups/SMEs 203
8.8.5.2 Competitive benchmarking of key startups/SMEs 204
8.9 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO 205
8.9.1 PRODUCT LAUNCHES 205
8.9.2 EXPANSIONS 205
9 COMPANY PROFILES 206
9.1 INTRODUCTION 206
9.2 KEY PLAYERS 206
9.2.1 SIGNIFY HOLDING 206
9.2.1.1 Business overview 206
9.2.1.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 208
9.2.1.3 Recent developments 209
9.2.1.3.1 Deals 209
9.2.1.3.2 Expansions 209
9.2.1.4 MnM view 210
9.2.1.4.1 Right to win 210
9.2.1.4.2 Strategic choices 210
9.2.1.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 210
9.2.2 LUCIBEL SA 211
9.2.2.1 Business overview 211
9.2.2.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 213
9.2.2.3 Recent developments 214
9.2.2.3.1 Product launches 214
9.2.2.4 MnM view 214
9.2.2.4.1 Right to win 214
9.2.2.4.2 Strategic choices 214
9.2.2.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 214
9.2.3 FSONA NETWORKS CORP. 215
9.2.3.1 Business overview 215
9.2.3.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 215
9.2.3.3 MnM view 217
9.2.3.3.1 Right to win 217
9.2.3.3.2 Strategic choices 217
9.2.3.3.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 217
9.2.4 WIRELESS EXCELLENCE LIMITED 218
9.2.4.1 Business overview 218
9.2.4.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 218
9.2.4.3 MnM view 219
9.2.4.3.1 Right to win 219
9.2.4.3.2 Strategic choices 219
9.2.4.3.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 219
9.2.5 OLEDCOMM 220
9.2.5.1 Business overview 220
9.2.5.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 220
9.2.5.3 Recent developments 221
9.2.5.3.1 Product launches 221
9.2.5.4 MnM view 222
9.2.5.4.1 Right to win 222
9.2.5.4.2 Strategic choices 222
9.2.5.4.3 Weaknesses and competitive threats 222
9.2.6 PURELIFI 223
9.2.6.1 Business overview 223
9.2.6.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 223
9.2.6.3 Recent developments 225
9.2.6.3.1 Product launches 225
9.2.6.3.2 Deals 225
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9.2.7 ACUITY BRANDS, INC. 226
9.2.7.1 Business overview 226
9.2.7.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 227
9.2.7.3 Recent developments 228
9.2.7.3.1 Deals 228
9.2.7.3.2 Other developments 228
9.2.8 PANASONIC CORPORATION 229
9.2.8.1 Business overview 229
9.2.8.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 230
9.2.9 FRAUNHOFER HHI 231
9.2.9.1 Business overview 231
9.2.9.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 232
9.2.10 TRIMBLE HUNGARY KFT. 233
9.2.10.1 Business overview 233
9.2.10.2 Products/Solutions/Services offered 233
9.3 OTHER KEY PLAYERS 234
9.3.1 JSC MOSTCOM 234
9.3.2 LVX SYSTEM 235
9.3.3 LIGHTBEE 236
9.3.4 VELMENNI 237
9.3.5 VLNCOMM 238
9.3.6 IRNAS D.O.O. 239
9.3.7 NEXTLIFI 240
9.3.8 INFINITY TECHNOLOGY SERVICES LIMITED 241
9.3.9 AIRLINX COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 242
9.3.10 EC SYSTEM 243
9.3.11 CACI INTERNATIONAL INC 244
9.3.12 REDLINE INFRASTRUCTURE 245
9.3.13 GLOBAL LIFI TECH 246
9.3.14 LUMEFFICIENT 247
9.3.15 AXIOM OPTICS 248
10 APPENDIX 249
10.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE 249
10.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 252
10.3 CUSTOMIZATION OPTIONS 254
10.4 RELATED REPORTS 254
10.5 AUTHOR DETAILS 255



List of Figures

FIGURE 1 FSO & VLC LI-FI MARKET SEGMENTATION 28
FIGURE 2 FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: RESEARCH DESIGN 33
FIGURE 3 RESEARCH FLOW OF MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 39
FIGURE 4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: APPROACH 1 BOTTOM-UP
(SUPPLY SIDE)?REVENUE GENERATED BY COMPANIES IN FSO
& VLC/LI-FI MARKET 40
FIGURE 5 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 41
FIGURE 6 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: TOP-DOWN APPROACH 41
FIGURE 7 DATA TRIANGULATION: FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET 42
FIGURE 8 MOBILE BACKHAUL APPLICATION TO DOMINATE FSO MARKET DURING
FORECAST PERIOD 45
FIGURE 9 SOFTWARE SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET BETWEEN 2024 AND 2029 46
FIGURE 10 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HOSPITALS APPLICATION TO GROW AT HIGHEST CAGR BETWEEN 2024 AND 2029 47
FIGURE 11 FSO & VLC /LI-FI MARKET IN ASIA PACIFIC TO GROW AT HIGHEST RATE 48
FIGURE 12 GROWING DEMAND FOR HIGH-SPEED INTERNET CONNECTIVITY
TO DRIVE FSO MARKET 49
FIGURE 13 INCREASING USE OF SMART LIGHTING SOLUTIONS TO ACCELERATE
VLC/LI-FI MARKET GROWTH 49
FIGURE 14 BIDIRECTIONAL TRANSMISSION SEGMENT TO RECORD HIGHER CAGR
BETWEEN 2024 AND 2029 50
FIGURE 15 MOBILE BACKHAUL AND SMART STORES APPLICATIONS TO ACCOUNT FOR LARGEST SHARES OF FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKETS, RESPECTIVELY, IN 2024 50
FIGURE 16 FSO MARKET IN SOUTH KOREA TO GROW AT HIGHEST CAGR DURING
FORECAST PERIOD 51
FIGURE 17 VLC/LI-FI MARKET IN SOUTH KOREA TO GROW AT HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 51
FIGURE 18 DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES IN FSO MARKET 52
FIGURE 19 DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES IN VLC/LI-FI MARKET 53
FIGURE 20 IMPACT OF DRIVERS ON FSO MARKET 54
FIGURE 21 SALES OF GLOBAL RESIDENTIAL LIGHTING, BY TECHNOLOGY IN NET ZERO SCENARIO, 2020–2030 55
FIGURE 22 IMPACT OF DRIVERS ON VLC/LI-FI MARKET 56
FIGURE 23 IMPACT OF RESTRAINTS ON FSO MARKET 56
FIGURE 24 IMPACT OF RESTRAINTS ON VLC/LI-FI MARKET 57
FIGURE 25 IMPACT OF OPPORTUNITIES ON FSO MARKET 58
FIGURE 26 IMPACT OF OPPORTUNITIES ON VLC/LI-FI MARKET 59
FIGURE 27 IMPACT OF CHALLENGES ON FSO MARKET 61
FIGURE 28 IMPACT OF CHALLENGES ON VLC/LI-FI MARKET 61
FIGURE 29 TRENDS INFLUENCING FSO & VLC/LI-FI BUSINESS OWNERS 62
FIGURE 30 INDICATIVE PRICING OF LI-FI SYSTEMS OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS, 2024 63
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FIGURE 31 FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 65
FIGURE 32 FSO & VLC/LI-FI ECOSYSTEM 67
FIGURE 33 FUNDS RAISED BY COMPANIES IN FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET 69
FIGURE 34 FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: IMPACT OF AI 71
FIGURE 35 PATENT APPLICANTS AND OWNERS IN FSO MARKET 74
FIGURE 36 PATENT APPLICANTS AND OWNERS IN VLC/LI-FI MARKET 75
FIGURE 37 IMPORT DATA FOR PRODUCTS COVERED UNDER HS CODE 853950 BY COUNTRY, 2019–2023 (USD THOUSAND) 78
FIGURE 38 EXPORT DATA FOR PRODUCTS COVERED UNDER HS CODE 853950 BY COUNTRY, 2019–2023 (USD THOUSAND) 79
FIGURE 39 FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 85
FIGURE 40 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR
TOP THREE FSO APPLICATIONS 87
FIGURE 41 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS FOR
TOP THREE VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS 88
FIGURE 42 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE FSO APPLICATIONS 88
FIGURE 43 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS 89
FIGURE 44 FSO MARKET, BY COMPONENT 91
FIGURE 45 MODULATORS & DEMODULATORS SEGMENT TO GROW AT HIGHEST CAGR
IN FSO MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 91
FIGURE 46 FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION 93
FIGURE 47 HEALTHCARE DEVICES APPLICATION TO RECORD HIGHEST CAGR
DURING FORECAST PERIOD 94
FIGURE 48 FSO MARKET, BY VERTICAL 106
FIGURE 49 IT & TELECOMMUNICATIONS VERTICAL TO LEAD FSO MARKET
DURING FORECAST PERIOD 107
FIGURE 50 FSO MARKET, BY REGION 110
FIGURE 51 NORTH AMERICA FSO MARKET SNAPSHOT 112
FIGURE 52 EUROPE FSO MARKET SNAPSHOT 116
FIGURE 53 ASIA PACIFIC FSO MARKET SNAPSHOT 120
FIGURE 54 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COMPONENT 128
FIGURE 55 SOFTWARE SEGMENT TO DOMINATE VLC/LI-FI MARKET DURING
FORECAST PERIOD 128
FIGURE 56 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY TRANSMISSION TYPE 140
FIGURE 57 BIDIRECTIONAL TRANSMISSION SEGMENT TO REGISTER HIGHER GROWTH
RATE DURING FORECAST PERIOD 141
FIGURE 58 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION 143
FIGURE 59 HOSPITALS SEGMENT TO EXHIBIT HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 143
FIGURE 60 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY REGION 169
FIGURE 61 NORTH AMERICA VLC/LI-FI MARKET SNAPSHOT 171
FIGURE 62 EUROPE VLC/LI-FI MARKET SNAPSHOT 175
FIGURE 63 ASIA PACIFIC VLC/LI-FI MARKET SNAPSHOT 180
FIGURE 64 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP MARKET PLAYERS, 2021–2023 190
FIGURE 65 VLC/LI-FI MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS, 2023 191
?
FIGURE 66 FSO MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS, 2023 192
FIGURE 67 VALUATION AND FINANCIAL MATRIX OF KEY PLAYERS IN FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET 194
FIGURE 68 ENTERPRISE VALUE/EBITDA OF KEY PLAYERS 194
FIGURE 69 FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: TOP TRENDING PRODUCTS 195
FIGURE 70 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023 196
FIGURE 71 FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: COMPANY FOOTPRINT 197
FIGURE 72 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023 202
FIGURE 73 SIGNIFY HOLDING: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 207
FIGURE 74 LUCIBEL SA: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 212
FIGURE 75 ACUITY BRANDS, INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 227
FIGURE 76 PANASONIC CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 230

List of Tables

TABLE 1 USE OF RF VS. FSO TECHNOLOGIES IN SPACE PROGRAMS 57
TABLE 2 POWER LOSS IN FSO SYSTEMS DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL INTERFERENCE 60
TABLE 3 INDICATIVE PRICING OF FSO & VLC/LI-FI SOLUTIONS, 2024 63
TABLE 4 INDICATIVE PRICING OF LI-FI SYSTEMS OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS, 2024 (USD) 64
TABLE 5 INDICATIVE PRICING/UNIT OF FSO & VLC/LI-FI COMPONENT, BY REGION, 2024 64
TABLE 6 ROLE OF PLAYERS IN ECOSYSTEM 68
TABLE 7 MAJOR PATENTS RELATED TO FSO & VLC/LI-FI TECHNOLOGIES 76
TABLE 8 IMPORT SCENARIO FOR HS CODE 853950-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS BY COUNTRY, 2019–2023 (USD THOUSAND) 79
TABLE 9 EXPORT SCENARIO FOR HS CODE 853950-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS BY COUNTRY, 2019–2023 (USD THOUSAND) 80
TABLE 10 MFN TARIFFS FOR HS CODE 853950-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS IMPORTED
IN ARGENTINA, 2024 80
TABLE 11 MFN TARIFFS FOR HS CODE 853950-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS IMPORTED
IN ECUADOR, 2024 81
TABLE 12 MFN TARIFFS FOR HS CODE 853950-COMPLIANT PRODUCTS IMPORTED
IN GUYANA, 2024 81
TABLE 13 NORTH AMERICA: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 81
TABLE 14 EUROPE: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 82
TABLE 15 ASIA PACIFIC: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 82
TABLE 16 ROW: REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS 82
TABLE 17 NORTH AMERICA: SAFETY STANDARDS RELATED TO FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET 83
TABLE 18 EUROPE: SAFETY STANDARDS RELATED TO FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET 83
TABLE 19 ASIA PACIFIC: SAFETY STANDARDS RELATED TO FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET 83
TABLE 20 ROW: SAFETY STANDARDS RELATED TO FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET 84
TABLE 21 FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2024–2025 84
TABLE 22 IMPACT OF PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ON FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET 85
TABLE 23 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS
FOR TOP THREE FSO APPLICATIONS (%) 87
TABLE 24 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS ON BUYING PROCESS
FOR TOP THREE VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS (%) 88
TABLE 25 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE FSO APPLICATIONS 89
TABLE 26 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR TOP THREE VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS 89
TABLE 27 FSO MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 92
TABLE 28 FSO MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 92
TABLE 29 FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 94
TABLE 30 FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 95
TABLE 31 TECHNOLOGIES IN MOBILE BACKHAUL 96
TABLE 32 MOBILE USER ACCOMODATION CAPACITY OF VARIOUS MOBILE BACKHAUL TECHNOLOGIES 96
TABLE 33 ADVANTAGES OF FSO FOR MOBILE CARRIER BACKHAUL 97
TABLE 34 FSO MARKET FOR MOBILE BACKHAUL APPLICATION BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 97
TABLE 35 FSO MARKET FOR MOBILE BACKHAUL APPLICATION BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 97
TABLE 36 FSO MARKET FOR ENTERPRISE CONNECTIVITY APPLICATION BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 98
TABLE 37 FSO MARKET FOR ENTERPRISE CONNECTIVITY APPLICATION BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 98
TABLE 38 FSO MARKET FOR DISASTER RECOVERY APPLICATION BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 99
TABLE 39 FSO MARKET FOR DISASTER RECOVERY APPLICATION BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 99
TABLE 40 FSO MARKET FOR DEFENSE OPERATIONS APPLICATION BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 100
TABLE 41 FSO MARKET FOR DEFENSE OPERATIONS APPLICATION BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 100
TABLE 42 FSO MARKET FOR SATELLITE APPLICATION BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 101
TABLE 43 FSO MARKET FOR SATELLITE APPLICATION BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 101
TABLE 44 FSO MARKET FOR HEALTHCARE DEVICES APPLICATION BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 102
TABLE 45 FSO MARKET FOR HEALTHCARE DEVICES APPLICATION BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 102
TABLE 46 FSO MARKET FOR SECURITY APPLICATION BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 103
TABLE 47 FSO MARKET FOR SECURITY APPLICATION BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 103
TABLE 48 FSO MARKET FOR ENGINEERING & DESIGN APPLICATION BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 104
TABLE 49 FSO MARKET FOR ENGINEERING & DESIGN APPLICATION BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 104
TABLE 50 FSO MARKET FOR OTHER FSO APPLICATIONS BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 105
TABLE 51 FSO MARKET FOR OTHER FSO APPLICATIONS BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 105
TABLE 52 FSO MARKET, BY VERTICAL, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 107
TABLE 53 FSO MARKET, BY VERTICAL, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 108
TABLE 54 FSO MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 111
TABLE 55 FSO MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 111
TABLE 56 NORTH AMERICA: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 112
TABLE 57 NORTH AMERICA: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 113
TABLE 58 NORTH AMERICA: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 113
TABLE 59 NORTH AMERICA: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 113
TABLE 60 EUROPE: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 116
TABLE 61 EUROPE: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 117
TABLE 62 EUROPE: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 117
TABLE 63 EUROPE: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 118
TABLE 64 ASIA PACIFIC: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 121
TABLE 65 ASIA PACIFIC: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 121
TABLE 66 ASIA PACIFIC: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 121
TABLE 67 ASIA PACIFIC: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 122
TABLE 68 ROW: FSO MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 124
TABLE 69 ROW: FSO MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 124
TABLE 70 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 124
TABLE 71 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: FSO MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 124
TABLE 72 ROW: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 125
TABLE 73 ROW: FSO MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 125
TABLE 74 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 129
TABLE 75 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 129
TABLE 76 COMPARISON OF LED, INCANDESCENT, AND FLUORESCENT LAMPS 130
TABLE 77 CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOSPHORUS LEDS 131
TABLE 78 CHARACTERISTICS OF RGB LEDS 131
TABLE 79 CHARACTERISTICS OF RCLEDS 132
TABLE 80 CHARACTERISTICS OF OLEDS 132
TABLE 81 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR LEDS, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 133
TABLE 82 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR LEDS, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 133
TABLE 83 COMPARISON OF CCD AND CMOS SENSORS 134
TABLE 84 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR PHOTODETECTORS BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 85 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR PHOTODETECTORS BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 86 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR MICROCONTROLLERS BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 138
TABLE 87 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR MICROCONTROLLERS BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 138
TABLE 88 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR SOFTWARE, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 139
TABLE 89 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR SOFTWARE, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 140
TABLE 90 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY TRANSMISSION TYPE, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 141
TABLE 91 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY TRANSMISSION TYPE, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 141
TABLE 92 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 144
TABLE 93 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 144
TABLE 94 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR SMART STORES BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 145
TABLE 95 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR SMART STORES BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 145
TABLE 96 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR SMART STORES, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 97 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR SMART STORES, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 98 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR STREETLIGHTS BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 99 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR STREETLIGHTS BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 100 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR STREETLIGHTS, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 101 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR STREETLIGHTS, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 102 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 148
TABLE 103 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 149
TABLE 104 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 149
TABLE 105 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 149
TABLE 106 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS BY CONSUMER ELECTRONICS APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 150
TABLE 107 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS BY CONSUMER ELECTRONICS APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 150
TABLE 108 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR DEFENSE & SECURITY BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 151
TABLE 109 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR DEFENSE & SECURITY BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 151
TABLE 110 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR DEFENSE & SECURITY BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 152
TABLE 111 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR DEFENSE & SECURITY BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 152
TABLE 112 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 153
TABLE 113 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 153
TABLE 114 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 153
TABLE 115 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 154
TABLE 116 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION, BY VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 154
TABLE 117 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION, BY VEHICLES & TRANSPORTATION APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 154
TABLE 118 COMPARISON OF POSITION DETECTION WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 155
TABLE 119 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR AVIATION, BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 159
TABLE 120 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR AVIATION, BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 159
TABLE 121 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR AVIATION, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 159
TABLE 122 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR AVIATION, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 159
TABLE 123 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HOSPITALS, BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 160
TABLE 124 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HOSPITALS, BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 160
TABLE 125 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HOSPITALS, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 161
TABLE 126 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HOSPITALS, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 161
TABLE 127 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HOSPITALS, BY HOSPITAL APPLICATION 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 161
TABLE 128 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HOSPITALS, BY HOSPITAL APPLICATION 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 161
TABLE 129 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 163
TABLE 130 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 163
TABLE 131 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 164
TABLE 132 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 164
TABLE 133 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 165
TABLE 134 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 165
TABLE 135 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 165
TABLE 136 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 166
TABLE 137 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR OTHER VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS BY COMPONENT, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 166
TABLE 138 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR OTHER VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS BY COMPONENT, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 166
TABLE 139 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR OTHER VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 167
TABLE 140 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR OTHER VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 167
TABLE 141 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR OTHER VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 167
TABLE 142 VLC/LI-FI MARKET FOR OTHER VLC/LI-FI APPLICATIONS 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 168
TABLE 143 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 169
TABLE 144 VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 170
TABLE 145 NORTH AMERICA: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 172
TABLE 146 NORTH AMERICA: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 172
TABLE 147 NORTH AMERICA: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 172
TABLE 148 NORTH AMERICA: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 173
TABLE 149 EUROPE: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 176
TABLE 150 EUROPE: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 176
TABLE 151 EUROPE: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 176
TABLE 152 EUROPE: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 177
TABLE 153 ASIA PACIFIC: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 181
TABLE 154 ASIA PACIFIC: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 181
TABLE 155 ASIA PACIFIC: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 181
TABLE 156 ASIA PACIFIC: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 182
TABLE 157 ROW: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY REGION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 184
TABLE 158 ROW: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY REGION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 184
TABLE 159 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 185
TABLE 160 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY COUNTRY 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 185
TABLE 161 ROW: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020–2023 (USD MILLION) 185
TABLE 162 ROW: VLC/LI-FI MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2024–2029 (USD MILLION) 186
TABLE 163 OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY KEY PLAYERS IN FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET 188
TABLE 164 VLC/LI-FI MARKET: DEGREE OF COMPETITION 191
TABLE 165 FSO MARKET: DEGREE OF COMPETITION 192
TABLE 166 FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: REGION FOOTPRINT 198
TABLE 167 FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: COMPONENT FOOTPRINT 199
TABLE 168 FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: APPLICATION FOOTPRINT 200
TABLE 169 FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF KEY STARTUPS/SMES 203
TABLE 170 FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF
KEY STARTUPS/SMES 204
TABLE 171 FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: PRODUCT LAUNCHES JANUARY 2021?SEPTEMBER 2024 205
TABLE 172 FSO & VLC/LI-FI MARKET: EXPANSIONS, JANUARY 2021?SEPTEMBER 2024 205
TABLE 173 SIGNIFY HOLDING: COMPANY OVERVIEW 207
TABLE 174 SIGNIFY HOLDING: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 208
TABLE 175 SIGNIFY HOLDING: DEALS, JANUARY 2021?SEPTEMBER 2024 209
TABLE 176 SIGNIFY HOLDING: EXPANSIONS, JANUARY 2021?SEPTEMBER 2024 209
TABLE 177 LUCIBEL SA: COMPANY OVERVIEW 211
TABLE 178 LUCIBEL SA: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 213
TABLE 179 LUCIBEL SA: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, JANUARY 2021?SEPTEMBER 2024 214
TABLE 180 FSONA NETWORKS CORP.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 215
TABLE 181 FSONA NETWORKS CORP.: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 215
TABLE 182 WIRELESS EXCELLENCE LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW 218
TABLE 183 WIRELESS EXCELLENCE LIMITED: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 218
TABLE 184 OLEDCOMM: COMPANY OVERVIEW 220
TABLE 185 OLEDCOMM: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 220
TABLE 186 OLEDCOMM: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, JANUARY 2021?SEPTEMBER 2024 221
TABLE 187 PURELIFI: COMPANY OVERVIEW 223
TABLE 188 PURELIFI: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 223
TABLE 189 PURELIFI: PRODUCT LAUNCHES, JANUARY 2021?SEPTEMBER 2024 225
TABLE 190 PURELIFI: DEALS, JANUARY 2021?SEPTEMBER 2024 225
TABLE 191 ACUITY BRANDS, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 226
TABLE 192 ACUITY BRANDS, INC.: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 227
TABLE 193 ACUITY BRANDS, INC.: DEALS, JANUARY 2021?SEPTEMBER 2024 228
TABLE 194 ACUITY BRANDS, INC.: OTHERS DEVELOPMENTS JANUARY 2021?SEPTEMBER 2024 228
TABLE 195 PANASONIC CORPORATION: COMPANY OVERVIEW 229
TABLE 196 PANASONIC CORPORATION: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 230
TABLE 197 FRAUNHOFER HHI: COMPANY OVERVIEW 231
TABLE 198 FRAUNHOFER HHI: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 232
TABLE 199 TRIMBLE HUNGARY KFT.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 233
TABLE 200 TRIMBLE HUNGARY KFT.: PRODUCTS/SOLUTIONS/SERVICES OFFERED 233
TABLE 201 JSC MOSTCOM: COMPANY OVERVIEW 234
TABLE 202 LVX SYSTEM: COMPANY OVERVIEW 235
TABLE 203 LIGHTBEE: COMPANY OVERVIEW 236
TABLE 204 VELMENNI: COMPANY OVERVIEW 237
TABLE 205 VLNCOMM: COMPANY OVERVIEW 238
TABLE 206 IRNAS D.O.O.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 239
TABLE 207 NEXTLIFI: COMPANY OVERVIEW 240
TABLE 208 INFINITY TECHNOLOGY SERVICES LIMITED: COMPANY OVERVIEW 241
TABLE 209 AIRLINX COMMUNICATIONS, INC.: COMPANY OVERVIEW 242
TABLE 210 EC SYSTEM: COMPANY OVERVIEW 243
TABLE 211 CACI INTERNATIONAL INC: COMPANY OVERVIEW 244
TABLE 212 REDLINE INFRASTRUCTURE: COMPANY OVERVIEW 245
TABLE 213 GLOBAL LIFI TECH: COMPANY OVERVIEW 246
TABLE 214 LUMEFFICIENT: COMPANY OVERVIEW 247
TABLE 215 AXIOM OPTICS: COMPANY OVERVIEW 248