Hyperkalemia- Market Insight, Epidemiology and Market Forecast -2030

DelveInsight’s ’Hyperkalemia ?Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast–2030’ report delivers an in-depth understanding of the Hyperkalemia, historical and forecasted epidemiology as well as the Hyperkalemia market trends in Japan.
The Hyperkalemia market report provides current treatment practices, emerging drugs, and market share of the individual therapies, current and forecasted Japan Hyperkalemia market size from 2021 to 2030. The report also covers current Hyperkalemia treatment practice/algorithm, market drivers, market barriers, and unmet medical needs to curate the best of the opportunities and assesses the underlying potential of the market.
Geography Covered
• Japan

Study Period: 2018–2030
Hyperkalemia Disease Understanding and Treatment Algorithm
Overview
Hyperkalemia is defined as a serum potassium concentration that is equal to or greater than 5.5 mEq/L from a non-hemolyzed whole blood sample. The normal potassium level in the blood is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L. Furthermore, it can be classified according to serum potassium into mild (5.5–6.5 mmol/L), moderate (6.5–7.5 mmol/L) and severe (>7.5 mmol/L) hyperkalemia.
Risk factors for hyperkalemia include several conditions such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes, congestive heart failure and certain medications that disrupt the potassium balance. Also, males are found to suffer more than females with Hyperkalemia.
The most common cause of hyperkalemia is pseudohyperkalemia, which does not reflect the true serum potassium levels. Pseudohyperkalemia is most commonly due to hemolysis of the sample causing intracellular potassium to be measured in the serum. Hemolysis is more common when a syringe is used as compared to a vacuum device.
While mild hyperkalemia is usually asymptomatic, high potassium levels may cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, or paralysis. Symptoms usually develop at levels higher levels, 6.5 mEq/L to 7 mEq/L, but the rate of change is more important than the numerical value. Patients with chronic hyperkalemia may be asymptomatic at increased levels, while patients with dramatic, acute potassium shifts may develop severe symptoms at lower ones. Infants have higher baseline levels than children and adults.
The most notorious consequence of hyperkalemia is that of potentially fatal cardiac dysrhythmia. However, there are several other consequences worthy of discussion. Hyperkalemia is associated with increased mortality.

Hyperkalemia Diagnosis
For hyperkalemia, interviews, physical examinations, blood tests, urinalysis, electrocardiogram tests, etc., are conducted to understand the condition. These tests not only help determine the cause of hyperkalemia but also help determine treatment strategies.
Hyperkalemia Treatment
The current treatment of hyperkalemia in the emergency department (ED) varies considerably because available pharmacologic agents have limited data supporting their efficacy. Following are the commonly used agents for the treatment of hyperkalemia in the emergent setting. In essence, a threefold approach to the treatment of hyperkalemia is currently adopted by clinicians:
Stabilization of the cardiac membranes using intra-venous calcium. The immediate goal of acute management in hyperkalemia is the stabilization of the membrane potential, with or without changing the serum potassium concentration;
Redistribution of potassium using intravenous insulin and beta-2 agonist. These pharmacologic therapies induce temporary but rapid redistribution of potassium into the intracellular space
Elimination of potassium from the body via hemodialysis, sodium-potassium exchange resin binders, and diuretics.
The effect of potassium on myocytes is counterbalanced by the concurrent calcium concentration such that intravenous calcium antagonizes hyperkalemia induced cardiac membrane excitability and protects the heart against arrhythmias. It is usually effective within minutes, as noted by an improvement in the ECG appearance or reversal of ECG ab-normality. It is generally accepted that intravenous (IV) calcium is indicated for potentially life-threatening ECG changes (absent P waves, wide QRS, sine-wave pat-tern), arrhythmias, or cardiac arrest. The dose can be repeated if there is no effect within 5–10 min.
Patiromer is the newest resin cleared by the FDA. It is a calcium exchange resin with more robust data to show efficacy and safety than SPS. PEARL-HF was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study whose focus was on HF patients with an indication to start spironolactone.
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma) is recently approved in Japan for the treatment of hyperkalemia. Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare’s approval was based on positive results from stand-alone studies in Japan and global clinical trial programs. It was also supported by DIALIZE, a global trial for end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis, which demonstrated the positive efficacy and safety of Lokelma in the management of hyperkalemia.

Hyperkalemia Epidemiology
The disease epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted epidemiology segmented by Total Diagnosed Prevalent Population of Hyperkalemia, Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent of Hyperkalemia, Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Hyperkalemia, Severity-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Hyperkalemia and Comorbidities-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Hyperkalemia scenario of Hyperkalemia in Japan from 2018 to 2030.

Key Findings
This section provides glimpses of the Hyperkalemia epidemiology in Japan.
• As per DelveInsight analysis, total number of cases of Hyperkalemia in Japan was 503,103 in 2020. These cases of Hyperkalemia in Japan is expected to increase throughout the study period i.e. 2018–2030.
• As per the DelveInsight’s analysis, there were 276,707 males and 226,397 females with hyperkalemia in 2020.
• In Japan, the maximum number of Hyperkalemia patients fall in the age group of 65–79 years, which was 209,618 in 2020. However, the least number of patients fall in the age group of 18–64 Years, which was 120,138 in 2020.
• As per the DelveInsight’s analysis, there were 364,750 patients affected with mild cases and 99,111 with moderate cases and 39,242 cases severe hyperkalemia respectively by 2020.
• In 2020, there were 283,735 cases of CKD, 169,781 cases of Heart Failure, 239,734 cases of Diabetes, and 326,150 cases of Hypertension associated with Hyperkalemia.

Country Wise-Hyperkalemia Epidemiology
The epidemiology segment also provides the Hyperkalemia epidemiology data and findings across Japan.
Hyperkalemia Drug Chapters
This segment of the Hyperkalemia report encloses the detailed analysis of the marketed and pipeline drugs/devices. It also helps to understand the clinical trial details, expressive pharmacological action, agreements and collaborations, approval, and patent details of each included drug and the latest news and press releases.
Hyperkalemia Marketed Products
Lokelma (Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate): AstraZeneca
Lokelma is a highly-selective, oral potassium-removing agent. The FDA approval is supported by data from three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials and two open-label trials, which showed that for patients receiving Lokelma, the onset of action was at 1.0 h and the median time to achieving normal potassium levels in the blood was 2.2 h, with 92% of patients achieving normal potassium levels within 48 h from baseline. The treatment effect was maintained for up to 12 months. The patents of Lokelma are expected to expire by 2019–2035 in the US, 2033–2034 in China, 2032 in the EU, and 2032–2036 in Japan.
Products detail in the report?
Hyperkalemia Emerging Technique
ZG-801 (Patiromer/Veltassa): Zeria Pharmaceutical/Vifor Pharma
Patiromer (ZG-801) is an oral, non-absorbed, cation exchange polymer that contains a calcium-sorbitol counterion. It acts within the gastrointestinal tract, binding to potassium in exchange for calcium. The potassium is then removed from the body through the normal excretion process. In clinical trials, patiromer reduced serum potassium levels and the recurrent hyperkalemia risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or diabetic nephropathy with or without heart failure (HF), allowing the majority of patients to continue receiving renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors (drugs that inhibit the renal excretion of potassium) for up to 52 weeks. The drug was approved in the US in 2015 and is now approved in several other countries, including those of the EU, for the treatment of hyperkalemia in adults. Phase II trials are being conducted in Japan for ZG-801, a therapeutic agent for hyperkalemia in-licensed from Vifor (International) AG of Switzerland.
Products detail in the report?
RDX013: Ardelyx
RDX013 is a novel, small molecule program for the potential treatment of hyperkalemia. The drug approach works by leveraging the GI tract’s natural ability to secrete potassium into the gut’s lumen to reduce serum potassium levels. This mechanism differs significantly from the potassium binders currently in the market. For a potassium binder to work, it must be present when dietary potassium is ingested so that the agent can bind the potassium and prevent its absorption in the gut. This results in the need for large quantities of binder in order to bind the large amounts of potassium in the diets of most individuals. In contrast, in the preclinical models, the company observed that a small amount of drug could cause potassium to be secreted into the gut’s lumen. Ardelyx announced that it had completed a Phase I clinical study evaluating the safety and pharmacodynamics of RDX013 in 112 healthy volunteers. The Phase I clinical study data showed that RDX013 was generally safe and well-tolerated and that a decrease in urine potassium and an increase in stool potassium excretion were observed in subjects treated with RDX013.
Products detail in the report?
List to be continued in the report?

Hyperkalemia Market Outlook
The treatment of hyperkalemia includes intravenous calcium, insulin/dextrose, beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, sodium bicarbonate infusion, cation-exchange resins, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, calcium polystyrene sulphonate, Patiromer, sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, and loop diuretics.
In Japan, the approved therapies for hyperkalemia include Lokelma (sodium zirconium cyclosilicate), sodium polystyrene sulfonate, and calcium polystyrene sulphonate. Apart from Lokelma, both the therapies were approved in the 90s, and their generic versions are available in the market; they are also available in different formulations. In January 2013, Astellas Pharma launched Argamate 89.29% granule (calcium polystyrene sulfonate) in Japan to treat hyperkalemia.
The patent protection of Lokelma in Japan might expire during 2032–2036. The market of hyperkalemia is not well organized as no updated guidelines and recommendations are available for patients. The launch of Lokelma in the market will benefit patients depending on off-label and therapies that are not well examined for their safety and efficacy.
Zeria Pharmaceutical got the rights of patiromer (ZG-801/Veltassa) from Vifor Pharma to develop and commercialize it in Japan for the treatment of hyperkalemia. As patiromer is already approved in the major markets, it will likely be approved in Japan soon and emerge as competition to Lokelma in the Japanese market.
According to DelveInsight, the Hyperkalemia market is expected to change in the study period 2018–2030.

Key Findings
This section includes a glimpse of the Hyperkalemia Japan market.

• 
  • The market size of Hyperkalemia in Japan market was USD 132.77 million in 2020.
  • In Japan, there is only one approved therapy for Hyperkalemia, and other management includes, off-labeled drugs and generics of potassium binders.
  • The market size generated by Lokelma in 2020 was USD 4.42 million.
  • ZG-801 (Patiromer) is estimated to enter the market in 2024.
  • As per DelveInsight analysis, among both therapies, Lokelma (sodium zirconium cyclosilicate) is expected to capture decant or higher market share as compared to ZG-801 (Patiromer) because of higher onset of action, no- black box warning and it is already approved while ZG-801 is still in development.
  Market Outlook for Seven Major Markets
  This section provides the total Hyperkalemia market size and market size by therapies in Japan.
  Hyperkalemia Drugs Uptake
  This section focusses on the rate of uptake of the potential drugs that are expected to get launched in the market during the study period 2018–2030. The analysis covers Hyperkalemia market uptake by drugs; patient uptake by therapies; and sales of each drug.
  This helps in understanding the drugs with the most rapid uptake, reasons behind the maximal use of new drugs, and allow the comparison of the drugs on the basis of market share and size which again will be useful in investigating factors important in market uptake and in making financial and regulatory decisions.
  Hyperkalemia Development Activities
  The report provides insights into different therapeutic candidates in the clinical and premarket clinical studies. It also analyzes key players involved in developing targeted therapeutics.
  Pipeline Development Activities
  The report covers the detailed information of collaborations, acquisition, and merger, licensing, and patent details for Hyperkalemia emerging therapies.
  Competitive Intelligence Analysis
  We perform competitive and market intelligence analysis of the Hyperkalemia market by using various competitive intelligence tools that include–SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis, Porter’s five forces, BCG Matrix, Market entry strategies, etc. The inclusion of the analysis entirely depends upon the data availability.
  Scope of the Report
  • The report covers the descriptive overview of Hyperkalemia, explaining its causes, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis, and currently available therapies.
  • Comprehensive insight has been provided into the Hyperkalemia epidemiology and treatment.
  • Additionally, an all-inclusive account of both the current and emerging therapies for Hyperkalemia is provided, along with the assessment of new therapies, which will have an impact on the current treatment landscape.
  • A detailed review of the Hyperkalemia market; historical and forecasted is included in the report, covering Japan drug outreach.
  • The report provides an edge while developing business strategies by understanding trends shaping and driving the Japan Hyperkalemia market.
  
  Report Highlights
  • Hyperkalemia market is anticipated to increase for the study period 2018–2030.
  • Among the emerging products, Lokelma (sodium zirconium cyclosilicate) is projected to lead the market with the largest market share in 2030.
  • In the coming years, the Hyperkalemia market is set to change due to the rising awareness of the disease, and incremental healthcare spending across the world; which would expand the size of the market to enable the drug manufacturers to penetrate more into the market.
  • The companies and academics are working to assess challenges and seek opportunities that could influence Hyperkalemia R&D. The therapies under development are focused on novel approaches to treat/improve the disease condition.
  • Major players are involved in developing therapies for Hyperkalemia. Launch of emerging therapies will significantly impact the Hyperkalemia market.
  • Our in-depth analysis of the pipeline assets across different stages of development, different emerging trends and comparative analysis of pipeline products with detailed clinical profiles, key competitors, launch date along with product development activities will support the clients in the decision-making process regarding their therapeutic portfolio by identifying the overall scenario of the research and development activities.
  Hyperkalemia Report Insights
  • Patient Population
  • Therapeutic Approaches
  • Hyperkalemia Pipeline Analysis
  • Hyperkalemia Market Size and Trends
  • Market Opportunities
  • Impact of upcoming Therapies
  Hyperkalemia Report Key Strengths
  • 10-Years Forecast
  • Japan Coverage
  • Hyperkalemia Epidemiology Segmentation
  • Key Cross Competition
  • Highly Analyzed Market
  • Drugs Uptake
  Hyperkalemia Report Assessment
  • Current Treatment Practices
  • Unmet Needs
  • Pipeline Product Profiles
  • Market Attractiveness
  • Market Drivers and Barriers
  • SWOT Analysis
  Key Questions
  Market Insights:
  • What was the Hyperkalemia market share (%) distribution in 2018 and how it would look like in 2030?
  • What would be the Hyperkalemia total market size as well as market size by therapies across Japan during the forecast period (2021–2030)?
  • What are the key findings pertaining to the market across Japan?
  • At what CAGR, the Hyperkalemia market is expected to grow at Japan level during the forecast period (2021–2030)?
  • What would be the Hyperkalemia market outlook across Japan during the forecast period (2021–2030)?
  • What would be the Hyperkalemia market growth until 2030, and what will be the resultant market size in the year 2030?
  • How would the market drivers, barriers, and future opportunities affect the market dynamics and subsequent analysis of the associated trends?
  Epidemiology Insights:
  • What is the disease risk, burden, and unmet needs of Hyperkalemia?
  • What is the historical Hyperkalemia patient pool in Japan?
  • What would be the forecasted patient pool of Hyperkalemia in Japan?
  • What will be the growth opportunities across Japan with respect to the patient population pertaining to Hyperkalemia?
  • At what CAGR the population is expected to grow across Japan during the forecast period (2021–2030)?
  Current Treatment Scenario, Marketed Drugs, and Emerging Therapies:
  • What are the current options for the treatment of Hyperkalemia along with the approved therapy?
  • What are the Hyperkalemia marketed drugs and their MOA, regulatory milestones, product development activities, advantages, disadvantages, safety, and efficacy, etc.?
  • How many companies are developing therapies for the treatment of Hyperkalemia?
  • How many therapies are developed by each company for the treatment of Hyperkalemia?
  • How many emerging therapies are in the mid-stage and late stage of development for the treatment of Hyperkalemia?
  • What are the key collaborations (Industry–Industry, Industry–Academia), Mergers and acquisitions, licensing activities related to the Hyperkalemia therapies?
  • What are the recent novel therapies, targets, mechanisms of action, and technologies developed to overcome the limitation of existing therapies?
  • What are the clinical studies going on for Hyperkalemia and their status?
  • What are the key designations that have been granted for the emerging therapies for Hyperkalemia?
  • What are Japan historical and forecasted market of Hyperkalemia?
  
  Reasons To Buy
  • The report will help in developing business strategies by understanding trends shaping and driving the Hyperkalemia.
  • To understand the future market competition in the Hyperkalemia market and Insightful review of the key market drivers and barriers.
  • Organize sales and marketing efforts by identifying the best opportunities for Hyperkalemia in Japan.
  • Identification of strong upcoming players in the market will help in devising strategies that will help in getting ahead of competitors.
  • Organize sales and marketing efforts by identifying the best opportunities for Hyperkalemia market.
  • To understand the future market competition in the Hyperkalemia market.