Table of Content



  1. 1 Overview of EAI

  2. 1.1 Terminology

  3. Terminology (1)

  4. Terminology (2)


  5. 1.2 Policy

  6. With Strong Policy Support, Regions Have Established Innovation Centers and Laid out AI Robot Industry Clusters

  7. National Humanoid Robot Policies/Plans (2021-2024)

  8. National Top-level Design Support the Development of the Humanoid Robot Industry


  9. 1.3 Overview of EAI

  10. Basic Concept (1)

  11. Basic Concept (2)

  12. Development and Evolution

  13. Status Quo of Industrial Development

  14. Application Scenario Evolution

  15. With Mature Technology, the Humanoid Robot Industry at Home and Abroad Has Been Developing Fast


  16. 1.4 Overview of AI Humanoid Robots

  17. Definition

  18. Composition

  19. AI Foundation Models Empower Humanoid Robot Technology Routes

  20. Intelligent Grading

  21. Case 1 of AI Foundation Models Empowering Humanoid Robot Technology Routes (1)

  22. Case 1 of AI Foundation Models Empowering Humanoid Robot Technology Routes (2)

  23. Case 2 of AI Foundation Models Empowering Humanoid Robot Technology Routes (1)

  24. Case 2 of AI Foundation Models Empowering Humanoid Robot Technology Routes (2)

  25. Other applications of AI foundation models - LLMs Empower Robotic Arm Planning and Control of AI Humanoid Robots

  26. Application Scenarios

  27. Industry Chain


  28. 1.5 Commonalities and Differences between Automotive and Robotics Industries

  29. Commonalities between Smart Cars and Robots in Hardware Components

  30. Commonalities between Smart Cars and Robots in Software Technology

  31. Commonalities between Smart Cars and Robots in Supply Chain and Production

  32. Commonalities between Xpeng/Tesla’s Humanoid Robots and Smart Cars in Technology

  33. Differences between Smart Cars and EAI (1)

  34. Differences between Smart Cars and EAI (2)


  35. 1.6 EAI Team Building

  36. EAI Team Building of Domestic OEMs (1)

  37. EAI Team Building of Domestic OEMs (2)

  38. EAI Team Building of Domestic OEMs (3)

  39. EAI Team Building of Domestic OEMs (4)

  40. EAI Team Building of Domestic OEMs (5)

  41. EAI Team Building of Domestic OEMs (6)


  42. 2 Overview of EAI Technology


  43. 2.1 Technology System

  44. Three Core Links in Realization of EAI

  45. Multimodal Foundation Models Drive Embodied Perception to Embodied Cognition

  46. Embodied Imagination: Imagine How the Perceived Objects and Tasks Are Performed in Simulation Engines

  47. Embodied Execution: Transform Solutions Generated in Embodied Imagination into Practice

  48. EAI Can Be Viewed as an “AI Agent” That Interacts with the Environment

  49. EAI Is Quite Different from Traditional Intelligence in Learning Methods

  50. Four Core Elements of EAI (1)

  51. Four Core Elements of EAI (2)

  52. EAI Technology System

  53. EAI Technology System - Perception Module

  54. EAI Technology System - Decision-making Module

  55. EAI Technology System - Action Module

  56. EAI Technology System - Feedback Module


  57. 2.2 Brain of EAI

  58. Composition

  59. Technology Core: Foundation Models


  60. 2.2.1 VLMs (Hierarchical Models)

  61. Summary

  62. Pi Zero

  63. PaLM-E: Embodied Multimodal Language Model

  64. Figure AI Collaborates with OpenAI to Launch a Three-tier Decision-making Solution

  65. Noematrix Brain

  66. Galbot’s Universal Three-tier Foundation Model System


  67. 2.2.2 VLA (End-to-end)

  68. Summary

  69. Concept and Technology Stack

  70. NAVILA: Vision-Language-Action Model for Legged Robots for Navigation

  71. OpenVLA: Open Source Vision-Language-Action Model

  72. OpenVLA: End-to-end Training of VLM

  73. Vision-Language-Action (VLA) Model - Robotic Transformer2 (RT-2)

  74. Uni-NaVid Proposes a VLA Model That Unifies Multiple Embodied Navigation Tasks

  75. QUAR-VLA: Vision-Language-Action Model for Quadruped Robots

  76. RoboMamba: End-to-end VLA Model


  77. 2.2.3 VLN (Vision-Language Navigation)

  78. Summary

  79. Basic Concept

  80. Main Implementation Methods

  81. Comparison between VLA and VLN Models

  82. LH-VLN: Vision-Language Navigation with a Long-term Development Vision: Platforms, Benchmarks and Methods

  83. Safe-VLN: Collision Avoidance for Autonomous Robot VLN in Continuous Environments

  84. MC-GPT: Augment VLN through Memory Graphs and Reasoning Chains


  85. 2.2.4 World Models

  86. Summary

  87. Basic Architecture

  88. Definition and Application

  89. AgiBot and Shanghai AI Lab Propose the Embodied 4D World Model - EnerVerse

  90. 3D-VLA: A 3D Vision-Language-Action Generative World Model

  91. RoboDreamer: Learning Compositional World Models for Robot Imagination

  92. IRASim - A World Model in Robotics

  93. Robotic World Model: A Neural Network Simulator for Robust Policy Optimization in Robotics


  94. 2.3 EAI Ontology

  95. EAI Actively Interacts with the Physical Environment and Covers a Wide Range of Embodied Forms

  96. Humanoid Robot Composition

  97. Three Core Sensors of Robots - Force/Torque Sensor

  98. Three Core Sensors of Robots - Vision Sensor/Tactile Sensor

  99. Actuator: Key Component of Robot Hardware System

  100. Robot Actuator Classification

  101. Key Part of Linear Drive - Ball Screw

  102. High-value Robot Reducers

  103. Robot’s Core Driver - Motor

  104. Servo Motor: Responsible for Precise Robot Control

  105. Key Component of Dexterous Hand - Coreless Motor

  106. Tesla Optimus Uses Frameless Torque Motors in 28 Actuators

  107. Dexterous Hand Composition

  108. Dexterous Hand Classification by Transmission Method

  109. Dexterous Hand Perception System


  110. 2.4 Simulation Data

  111. Summary of EAI Data Generalization Models

  112. UnrealZoo: A Rich Collection of Photo-realistic 3D Virtual Worlds Built on Unreal Engine

  113. RoboTwin: A Dual-Arm Robot Benchmark with Generative Digital Twins

  114. RoboGSim: A Real2Sim2Real Data Synthesizer and Closed-loop Simulator

  115. Arbitrary Point Trajectory Model: ATM Framework


  116. 3 Transformation of Intelligent Driving Practitioners to EAI

  117. Practitioners Transitioning from Intelligent Driving to Other Arenas (1)

  118. Practitioners Transitioning from Intelligent Driving to Other Arenas (2)

  119. Practitioners Transitioning from Intelligent Driving to Other Arenas (3)


  120. 3.1 Galaxea AI Is Committed to Full-stack Independent R&D of Embodied Robots, and Raised over RMB200 million in Pre-Series A Financing

  121. The First EAI Company to Implement an End-to-end Simulation Learning Algorithm in a Closed Loop

  122. Novel Visual Simulation Learning Algorithm: 3D Diffusion Strategy (DP3)

  123. Launch of R1 Full-size Dual-arm Humanoid Robot


  124. 3.2 LimX Dynamics Focuses on the R&D and Manufacturing of Sports Intelligence and Legged Robots

  125. Leverage the Understanding Capabilities of LLMs to Promote the Integration of Spatial and Motion Intelligence on Humanoid Robots

  126. Release of CL-2

  127. TRON 1 "Three-in-one" Modular Polymorphic Bipedal Robot


  128. 3.3 Galbot Has Developed Tens of Millions of Scenario Data and Billions of Captured Data

  129. DexGraspNet 2.0

  130. Open6DOR Spatial Intelligent Foundation Model System

  131. End-to-end Navigation Foundation Model - NaVid

  132. Release of Galbot (G1)


  133. 3.4 The Former Head of Autonomous Driving at Alibaba Damo Academy Founded Udeer?AI

  134. LPLM-10B EAI Model

  135. Master2000 Plug-and-play Universal Embodied Brain

  136. AI 130 Commercial Patrol Robot


  137. 3.5 CenoBots

  138. Four Core Technologies of Intelligent Cleaning Robots

  139. SP50 Intelligent Cleaning Robot

  140. L4 AI-powered Washer Dryer Robot


  141. 3.6 AI? Robotics Solves the Core Problem of EAI: Extend AGI to the Physical World

  142. Universal EAI System: AI2R Brain

  143. Alpha Bot 1S Debuted at the 2024 World Robot Conference


  144. 3.7 Wanren AI - Foundation Model Application Covering the Entire Disease Process

  145. Dong Feng Model: “New Engine” Driving the Comprehensive Upgrade of The Medical Industry

  146. Memex Technology System


  147. 3.8 Jacobi.ai Is Committed to the Commercialization of Open Scenarios

  148. J-Box Technology

  149. J-Mind Technology


  150. 3.9 PIA AUTOMATION Deploys Humanoid Robots in Industrial Scenarios

  151. Most Core Chips of Humanoid Robots Have Been Replaced by Domestic Counterparts

  152. JARVIS Humanoid Robot

  153. Strategic Cooperation with Beijing Embodied AI Robot Innovation Center


  154. 4 Layout of OEMs in EAI

  155. Layout of Global OEMs in EAI Robots (1)

  156. Layout of Global OEMs in EAI Robots (2)

  157. Robot Deployment Timeline of OEMs

  158. Parameters of OEMs’ Latest Robots (1)

  159. Parameters of OEMs’ Latest Robots (2)

  160. Parameters of OEMs’ Latest Robots (3)


  161. 4.1 Tesla

  162. Development History of Optimus

  163. Evolution of Optimus (1)

  164. Evolution of Optimus (2)

  165. Evolution of Optimus (3)

  166. Latest Features of Optimus (1)

  167. Latest Features of Optimus (2)

  168. Latest Features of Optimus (3)

  169. Introduction to Optimus Gen 3

  170. Three Major Updates of Optimus Gen 3

  171. Degrees of Freedom of Optimus Gen 3

  172. Comparison between Three Generations of Optimus

  173. Hardware Parameters and Cost Breakdown of Optimus

  174. Optimus - Environmental Perception

  175. AI Humanoid Robot BOM Cost Estimation

  176. AI Humanoid Robot Hardware Disassembly - Design Based on Automotive Technology (1)

  177. AI Humanoid Robot Hardware Disassembly - Design Based on Automotive Technology (2)

  178. AI Humanoid Robot Hardware Disassembly - Design Based on Automotive Technology (3)

  179. AI Humanoid Robot Hardware Disassembly - Rotary Actuator

  180. AI Humanoid Robot Hardware Disassembly - Linear Actuator

  181. AI Humanoid Robot Hardware Disassembly - Hand Control

  182. AI Humanoid Robot Hardware Disassembly - Knee Joint

  183. AI Humanoid Robot Hardware Disassembly - Brain

  184. AI Humanoid Robot Hardware Disassembly - Brain Chip

  185. AI Humanoid Robot Hardware Disassembly - Brain Training Module

  186. AI Humanoid Robot Hardware Disassembly - Brain Training Cluster

  187. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Introduction to FSD - Migration of FSD Technology to Optimus

  188. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Introduction to FSD - FSD Is Connected with OPTIMUS Underlying Module

  189. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Introduction to FSD - FSD Neural Network Training

  190. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Introduction to FSD - FSD Neural Network Training Progress

  191. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Introduction to FSD - FSD Massive Database Supports Robot AI Training

  192. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Perception Algorithm (1)

  193. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Perception Algorithm (2)

  194. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Perception Algorithm (3)

  195. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Perception Algorithm (4)

  196. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Motion Planning Algorithm (1)

  197. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Motion Planning Algorithm (2)

  198. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Motion Planning Algorithm (3)


  199. 4.2 Xpeng

  200. Comparison between Two Generations of Humanoid Robots

  201. Basic Parameters of the Fourth-generation Humanoid Robot "Iron"

  202. “Iron” Eagle Eye Vision System and AIOS

  203. Turing AI Chip

  204. Application Prospects of “Iron”

  205. Introduction to AI Humanoid Robots

  206. AI Humanoid Robot Hardware Disassembly - Joint

  207. AI Humanoid Robot Hardware Disassembly - Dexterous Hand

  208. AI Humanoid Robot Hardware Disassembly - Robotic Arm

  209. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Perception and Interaction Are Connected with Automotive Underlying Capabilities

  210. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Automotive Technology - XNGP Foundation Model

  211. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Automotive Technology - Underlying XNGP Technology: XBrain

  212. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Perception Architecture - XNet 2.0

  213. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Perception Architecture - XNet Data Annotation

  214. AI Humanoid Robot Software Algorithm - Planning & Control Architecture - XPlanner


  215. 4.3 Xiaomi

  216. Robot Layout

  217. AI Humanoid Robot Planning

  218. Quadruped Robot: CyberDog 2

  219. CyberOne Hardware Architecture

  220. CyberOne Joint Module

  221. CyberOne Power System

  222. CyberOne Communication System

  223. CyberOne Control System

  224. CyberOne Software Algorithm


  225. 4.4 GAC

  226. Comparison between the Second- and Third-generation Robots in Parameters and Features

  227. The Second-generation EAI Robot

  228. Basic Parameters of the Third-generation EAI Robot - GoMate

  229. GoMate Drive and Control Integrated Joint Module

  230. GoMate Micro Low Voltage Servo Driver

  231. GoMate Dexterous Hand

  232. GoMate Software and System

  233. Application of Autonomous Driving Technology on Humanoid Robots


  234. 4.5 BYD

  235. EAI Layout


  236. 4.6 Hyundai

  237. Acquisition of 80% Shares in Boston Dynamics

  238. X-ble Shoulder Exoskeleton Robot

  239. X-ble MEX Wearable Medical Robot

  240. Two Exoskeleton Wearable Devices Were Launched in September 2019

  241. DAL-e Intelligent Service Robot


  242. 4.7 Chery

  243. New Bipedal Robot: Mornine

  244. Mornine Application Planning


  245. 4.8 Toyota

  246. Humanoid Robot Development History

  247. TRI Partners with Boston Dynamics to Develop Humanoid Robots

  248. "Busboy” Home Service Robot

  249. Welwalk Wearable Robot


  250. 4.9 Huawei

  251. Robot Layout

  252. Official Entry into EAI Industry with Further Strengthened Trends

  253. Pangu EAI Model


  254. 5 EAI Layout of Automotive Industry Chain Suppliers

  255. Sensor

  256. Speed Reducer

  257. Dexterous Hand, Motor

  258. Complete Machine


  259. 5.1 Hesai Technology

  260. Introduction

  261. Robot LiDAR

  262. Mini High-performance 3D LiDAR

  263. LiDAR Suitable for Robot Scenarios - QT128

  264. LiDAR Suitable for Robot Scenarios - XT32


  265. 5.2 RoboSense

  266. Introduction

  267. Papert 2.0

  268. Active Camera

  269. Digital LiDAR Empowers Automotive and Robot Perception Capabilities

  270. Incremental Robot Parts Development


  271. 5.3 Tuopu Group

  272. Introduction

  273. Plan to Invest RMB5 Billion in Building a Production Base for Core Robot Components

  274. Build the Competitiveness of the Robot Actuator Business with Multiple Core Advantages


  275. 5.4 Sanhua Intelligent Controls

  276. Introduction

  277. Robot Project Layout

  278. Strategic Cooperation with Leaderdrive


  279. 5.5 Inovance

  280. Introduction

  281. SCARA Robot - IR-S4

  282. Six-joint Robot - IR-R300

  283. Supporting Robot Software

  284. IRCB500 Industrial Robot Control Cabinet

  285. Industrial Robot Precision Machinery - Ball Screw

  286. Industrial Robot Precision Machinery - Linear Guide


  287. 5.6 Zhaowei Machinery & Electronics

  288. Introduction

  289. High-performance Micromotor Technology Helps the Application of Humanoid Robots

  290. A Press Conference Was Held at the China Hi-Tech Fair and Highly Reliable Dexterous Hands Integrated with Finger Drive Were Officially Launched

  291. Machine Joint Brushless Servo

  292. Micro Drive System for Walking Actuator of Lawn Mowing Robot


  293. 5.7 Shuanghuan Company

  294. Introduction

  295. RV Reducer Layout

  296. High-precision Harmonic Transmission Reducer

  297. High-precision Robot Cycloid Planetary Reducer - SHPR-C


  298. 5.8 HCFA

  299. Introduction

  300. Robot Research Project

  301. “YOLO01” Universal Humanoid Robot

  302. Self-developed Parts of “YOLO01” Humanoid Robot (1)

  303. Self-developed Parts of “YOLO01” Humanoid Robot (2)


  304. 5.9 Thundersoft

  305. Introduction

  306. The Next Generation of Multi-modal Intelligent Robots Will Be Empowered by Arm Technology

  307. Thundercomm Officially Launched RUBIK Pi 3 (Development Kit)

  308. Rubik Robot Foundation Model

  309. KNEWBOTS Unveiled Many New Intelligent Robots at CeMAT ASIA on November 5, 2024 (1)

  310. KNEWBOTS Unveiled Many New Intelligent Robots at CeMAT ASIA on November 5, 2024 (2)

  311. KNEWBOTS Robot Software Platform (RSP)


  312. 5.10 CATL

  313. Introduction

  314. Robot Layout: Independent Robotic R&D and External Cooperation in Parallel

  315. Launch of CharGo"" Mobile Storage, Charging And Inspection Integrated Robot "


  316. 5.11 ZongMu Technology

  317. Introduction

  318. FlashBot

  319. FlashBot Business Model - Empower the Integration of Light, Storage and Charging


  320. 5.12 SenseTime

  321. Introduction

  322. EAI Layout

  323. SenseNova 5.5 Empowers Humanoid Robots with "Eyesight" and "Brain Power"

  324. Large Devices Create a New Generation of AI Infrastructure for EAI


  325. 5.13 Haomo.AI

  326. Introduction

  327. A Variety of Robots Have Landed in the Wisdom Valley, Working together to Create New Productivity

  328. DriveGPT Empowers Little Magic Camel


  329. 5.14 Horizon Robotics

  330. Profile

  331. Evolution of Sweet Potato Robot

  332. Release of Full Link Sweet Potato Robot at the 2024 Developer Day

  333. RDK One-stop Intelligent Robot Developer Kit (1)

  334. RDK One-stop Intelligent Robot Developer Kit (2)

  335. Rising Sun 5 Intelligent Computing Chip

  336. Sweet Potato Robot Algorithm Center (NodeHub)/RDK-Copilot Development Assistant


  337. 6 Development Trends of EAI

  338. 6.1 Technology Trends

  339. EAI Promotes the Development of Robotics Technology from Simple Perception to Multi-modal Perception

  340. Coordinated Development of Software and Hardware Promotes Positive Industry Cycle

  341. The Vision + Touch Solution Has Better Technical Indicators and Is Expected to Become the Mainstream Solution in the Future

  342. Technology Trends


  343. 6.2 Product Trends

  344. Various Robot Carrier Forms Develop Together

  345. EAI and Various Robot Carrier Forms Develop Together - Robot Dog

  346. EAI and Various Robot Carrier Forms Develop Together - Special Robots

  347. Product Trends


  348. 6.3 Industrial Market Trends

  349. Global and Chinese Humanoid Robot Markets Continue to Grow

  350. Market Demand Trend: Humanoid Robots Are Expected to Alleviate the Labor Shortage in the Market

  351. An Investment Boom in EAI in 2024 with Incremental Components and Embodied Models Favored by Investors

  352. Industry Trends