Table of Content

1. Executive summary and conclusions
1.1 Purpose of this report
1.2 Methodology
1.3 Primary conclusions
1.3.1 Energy storage in general
1.3.2 The opportunity for zinc chemistry in rechargeable energy storage
1.3.3 Commonalities between zinc storage technologies in research
1.3.4 Realistic research targets for forms of zinc rechargeable energy storage 2024-2044
1.3.5 The zinc chemistry opportunity by time and power
1.3.6 Analysis and conclusions for relative importance of four types of zinc-based energy storage being researched
1.4 Zinc-ion batteries: analysis and key conclusions
1.4.1 Prospects if improved
1.4.2 How they are being improved: research needs redirection
1.4.3 Latest research objectives by location in zinc-ion rechargeable batteries
1.4.4 Statistical analysis of ZIB anode research papers in 2024, 2023 revealing winning materials
1.4.5 Statistical analysis of ZIB cathode research papers 2024, 2023 revealing winning materials
1.4.6 Analysis of ZIB cathode research papers by formulation 2024, 2023 revealing winning materials
1.4.7 Types of vanadium compounds succeeding in ZIB research
1.4.8 Electrolytes in ZIB research revealing winners
1.4.9 Separator membranes for emerging zinc-ion batteries
1.5 Zinc-ion battery-supercapacitor hybrids: zinc-ion capacitors ZIC: analysis, key conclusions
1.6 Zinc redox flow batteries: analysis, key conclusions
1.6.1 Key conclusions
1.6.2 Pie charts of active material and country of RFB manufacturers showing zinc activity
1.6.3 RFB research pipeline analysis showing place of zinc
1.6.4 Analysis of ZnRFB research pipeline 2024, 2023 identifying winning chemistries
1.7 Zinc-air batteries
1.7.1 Summary
1.7.2 Detailed design, issues, challenges
1.7.3 Companies involved
1.8 Roadmaps technology and markets 2024-2044
1.9 Market forecasts 2024-2044 in 64 lines, tables, graphs, explanation
1.9.1 Overview
1.9.2 Market for batteries employing zinc technology by four categories $ billion 2024-2044 table, graph
1.9.4 Zinc in context: Twelve emerging energy storage technologies $ billion 2024-2044 table, graph
1.9.3 Value market for batteries employing zinc technology by region 2024-2044, table, graph
1.9.5 Relevant storage groupings $ billion 2024-2044 tables, graphs 18 lines, dynamics explained
1.9.5 Backup forecasts: RFB, LDES, hydrogel

2. Energy storage and the place of zinc
2.1 Overview of energy storage
2.1.1 Batteries as one form of delayed electricity
2.1.2 Detailed options for rechargeable electricity storage
2.1.3 Electrochemical devices compared
2.1.4 Hydrogen economy is not a threat
2.1.5 The issue of storage time
2.2 Long duration energy storage LDES
2.2.1 Overview
2.2.2 The LDES toolkit
2.2.3 Duration being achieved by technology and location
2.3 Misunderstanding the competition for rechargeable zinc-ion batteries
2.4 Ion batteries in the energy storage universe
2.5 Zinc batteries: pivot from small disposables success to future large rechargeable versions
2.6 Realistic research targets for various forms of zinc rechargeable energy storage 2024-2044
2.7 Li-ion capacitor LIC market by energy density spectrum is ZIC opportunity

3. Reasons for using zinc in batteries and their variants
3.1 Overview
3.2 Energy storage critical requirements and likely technology leaders in 2044
3.3 The dream for rechargeable zinc-ion batteries
3.4 Misunderstanding the grid requirement
3.5 Zinc-ion reality vs attractive theoretical performance
3.6 Zn-ion issues and antidotes by location in the battery
3.7 The later development of the smart ZIB
3.8 Redox mechanisms brought to bear in improving zinc-ion batteries
3.9 General progress with aqueous zinc-ion batteries
3.10 Parameters of some zinc-based rechargeable batteries in research
3.11 Flexible and solid-state zinc-ion batteries and microbatteries
3.12 Zhar Research statistical analysis of 2024, 2023 research on rechargeable zinc-ion batteries
3.13 Examples of zinc-ion battery manufacturers and putative manufacturers
3.13.1 Eos Energy Enterprises USA
3.13.2 Enzinc USA
3.13.3 Gelion Australia
3.13.4 Urban Electric Power USA

4. Zinc-ion anode research progress 2024, 2023
4.1 The anode issues and approaches
4.1.1 General introduction to the issues
4.1.2 Anode, electrolyte and separator improvement coordinated
4.2 Overview of progress 2019-2024
4.3 Statistical analysis of ZIB anode research papers in 2024, 2023 revealing winning materials
4.4 Detailed appraisal of Zn-ion anode research 2024, 2023
4.4.1 Suppressing Zn pulverisation
4.4.2 Preventing dendrites and other degradation
4.5 Anodes for zinc rechargeable microbatteries

5. Zinc-ion cathode research progress 2024, 2023
5.1 Overview
5.2 Statistical analysis of ZIB cathode research papers in 2024, 2023 revealing winning materials
5.3 Detailed appraisal of Zn-ion cathode research 2024, 2023
5.3.1 Vanadium compounds
5.3.2 Manganese compounds
5.3.3 Molybdenum compounds
5.3.4 Other materials

6. Zinc-ion electrolyte research progress 2024, 2023
6.1 Overview
6.2 Statistical analysis of ZIB anode research papers in 2024, 2023 revealing winning materials
6.3 Detailed appraisal of Zn-ion electrolyte research 2024, 2023
6.3.1 Strong advances with ZIB electrolyte additives
6.3.2 New, strong progress with hydrogel electrolytes: flexible, low temperature, self-healing, multifunctionality
6.3.3 Organic materials in ZIB electrolytes
6.3.4 Ionic liquids as ZIB electrolytes: high thermal stability, low volatility, wide electrochemical window, and tunable physicochemical properties

7. Zinc-ion separator membrane research progress 2024, 2023
7.1 Overview
7.2 Membrane difficulty levels and materials used and proposed: examples
7.3 Detailed appraisal of Zn-ion separator research 2024, 2023

8. Zinc-ion battery-supercapacitor hybrids: zinc-ion capacitors ZIC
8.1 Introduction to supercapacitors and their hybrids
8.2 SWOT appraisal of supercapacitors and their variants
8.3 Sodium-ion Capacitors SIC breakthrough in 2024 – competition for ZIC
8.4 Review of research on zinc-based hybrid supercapacitors ZIC 2024, 2023
8.4.1 Overview
8.4.2 Detailed analysis of research papers 2024, 2023

9. Zinc redox flow batteries
9.1 Introduction to redox flow batteries conventional and hybrid with SWOT appraisals
9.2 Spectrum of parameters for battery, hybrid RFB, conventional RFB
9.3 RFB is an industry being turned on its head
9.4 Seven RFB parameters in volume sales, vanadium vs other 2024-2044
9.5 Zinc RFB technologies invade RFB business: market projections, company and research analysis
9.5.1 Market value projection by key material 2024-2044
9.5.2 Place of zinc in 48 RFB manufacturers compared by name, brand, technology, tech. readiness, beyond grid focus, LDES focus
9.5.3 Pie charts of active material and country of RFB manufacturers showing zinc activity
9.5.4 RFB research surveys showing the place of zinc
9.5.5 RFB research pipeline analysis showing place of zinc: 108 papers
9.6 Importance and chemistry of RFB membranes by difficulty levels and materials used
9.7 ZincRFB manufacturer profiles 2024
9.7.1 Zinc bromine hybrid RFB: Overview and profiles of Redflow, Primus Power
9.7.2 Zinc iron RFB: WeView China/ ViZn Energy Systems USA
9.8 Analysis of research pipeline 2024, 2023
9.8.1 Overview
9.8.2 Zinc-bromine
9.8.3 Zinc-iodine
9.8.4 Zinc-iron
9.8.5 Zinc- manganese
9.8.6 Zinc-vanadium