Table of Content

1. Preface
1.1. Objectives of the Study
1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
1.3. Years Considered for the Study
1.4. Currency & Pricing
1.5. Language
1.6. Limitations
1.7. Assumptions
1.8. Stakeholders

2. Research Methodology
2.1. Define: Research Objective
2.2. Determine: Research Design
2.3. Prepare: Research Instrument
2.4. Collect: Data Source
2.5. Analyze: Data Interpretation
2.6. Formulate: Data Verification
2.7. Publish: Research Report
2.8. Repeat: Report Update

3. Executive Summary

4. Market Overview
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Desiccant & Adsorbent Market, by Region

5. Market Insights
5.1. Market Dynamics
5.1.1. Drivers
5.1.1.1. Rising need of desiccant & adsorbents for water treatment in developing economies
5.1.1.2. High demand for desiccant & adsorbent in oil & gas sector
5.1.1.3. Increase in demand for desiccants in the packaging business
5.1.2. Restraints
5.1.2.1. Fluctuating prices of raw materials used in desiccant & adsorbents
5.1.3. Opportunities
5.1.3.1. Improving desiccants & adsorbent production technologies
5.1.3.2. Development of new-generation adsorbents and increased demand for desiccants in ACS
5.1.4. Challenges
5.1.4.1. Limited usability of desiccants & adsorbents
5.2. Market Segmentation Analysis
5.2.1. Product: Extensive range of varied products used in gas, petroleum, and petrochemical plants
5.2.2. Application: Rising penetration of molecular sieves and silica gel in refractory and water treatment operation
5.3. Market Trend Analysis
5.4. Cumulative Impact of High Inflation
5.5. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
5.5.1. Threat of New Entrants
5.5.2. Threat of Substitutes
5.5.3. Bargaining Power of Customers
5.5.4. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
5.5.5. Industry Rivalry
5.6. Value Chain & Critical Path Analysis
5.7. Regulatory Framework

6. Desiccant & Adsorbent Market, by Product
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Activated Alumina
6.3. Activated Carbon
6.4. Ceramic Balls
6.5. Molecular Sieves
6.6. Silica Gel
6.7. Tabular Alumina

7. Desiccant & Adsorbent Market, by Application
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Abrasives
7.3. Construction
7.4. Oil & Gas
7.5. Petrochemicals
7.6. Pharmaceuticals
7.7. Processing Industries
7.8. Refractories
7.9. Water Treatment Plants

8. Americas Desiccant & Adsorbent Market
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Argentina
8.3. Brazil
8.4. Canada
8.5. Mexico
8.6. United States

9. Asia-Pacific Desiccant & Adsorbent Market
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Australia
9.3. China
9.4. India
9.5. Indonesia
9.6. Japan
9.7. Malaysia
9.8. Philippines
9.9. Singapore
9.10. South Korea
9.11. Taiwan
9.12. Thailand
9.13. Vietnam

10. Europe, Middle East & Africa Desiccant & Adsorbent Market
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Denmark
10.3. Egypt
10.4. Finland
10.5. France
10.6. Germany
10.7. Israel
10.8. Italy
10.9. Netherlands
10.10. Nigeria
10.11. Norway
10.12. Poland
10.13. Qatar
10.14. Russia
10.15. Saudi Arabia
10.16. South Africa
10.17. Spain
10.18. Sweden
10.19. Switzerland
10.20. Turkey
10.21. United Arab Emirates
10.22. United Kingdom

11. Competitive Landscape
11.1. FPNV Positioning Matrix
11.2. Market Share Analysis, By Key Player
11.3. Competitive Scenario Analysis, By Key Player
11.3.1. Merger & Acquisition
11.3.1.1. Desotec to Buy Evoqua’s Carbon Reactivation Services Business for USD 100m.
11.3.2. Agreement, Collaboration, & Partnership
11.3.2.1. Palmer Holland Announces Partnership With Zeochem.
11.3.3. New Product Launch & Enhancement
11.3.3.1. Suzhou Nanomicro Technology Launches New Silica Gel Packing Product.

12. Competitive Portfolio
12.1. Key Company Profiles
12.1.1. Almatis B.V.
12.1.2. Ashirwad Chemicals
12.1.3. Axens SA
12.1.4. BASF SE
12.1.5. Calgon Carbon Corporation
12.1.6. CWK Chemiewerk Bad Kostritz GmbH
12.1.7. Desicca Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.
12.1.8. Drytech Incorporated
12.1.9. Edco Supply Corporation
12.1.10. Fuji Silysia Chemical Ltd.
12.1.11. Global Adsorbents Pvt. Ltd.
12.1.12. Guangdong Xintao Technology Co. Ltd.
12.1.13. Hengye Inc.
12.1.14. Honeywell International Inc.
12.1.15. Jiangxi Xintao Technology Co., Ltd.
12.1.16. KNT Group
12.1.17. Merck KGaA
12.1.18. Munters Corporation
12.1.19. Osaka Gas Chemicals Co. Ltd.
12.1.20. Porocel Corporation by Evonik Industries AG
12.1.21. Shanghai Chenxu Trading Co., Ltd.
12.1.22. Shanghai Jiuzhou Chemicals Co. Ltd.
12.1.23. Shiv Chemicals
12.1.24. Silica-Gel Desiccant
12.1.25. Suprabha Protective Products Pvt. Ltd.
12.1.26. Tropack Packmittel GmbH:
12.1.27. Wisesorbent Technology LLC
12.1.28. Xiamen Wintrustek Advanced Materials Co., Ltd.
12.1.29. Zeolites and Allied Products Pvt. Ltd.
12.2. Key Product Portfolio

13. Appendix
13.1. Discussion Guide
13.2. License & Pricing



List of Figures

FIGURE 1. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET RESEARCH PROCESS
FIGURE 2. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, 2023 VS 2030
FIGURE 3. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 4. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 5. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 6. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET DYNAMICS
FIGURE 7. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 8. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 9. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 10. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 11. AMERICAS DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 12. AMERICAS DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 13. UNITED STATES DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 14. UNITED STATES DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 15. ASIA-PACIFIC DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 16. ASIA-PACIFIC DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 17. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 18. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 19. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET, FPNV POSITIONING MATRIX, 2023
FIGURE 20. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYER, 2023

List of Tables

TABLE 1. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SEGMENTATION & COVERAGE
TABLE 2. UNITED STATES DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE, 2018–2023
TABLE 3. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 4. GLOBAL DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 5. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 6. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY ACTIVATED ALUMINA, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 7. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY ACTIVATED CARBON, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 8. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY CERAMIC BALLS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 9. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY MOLECULAR SIEVES, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 10. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY SILICA GEL, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 11. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY TABULAR ALUMINA, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 12. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 13. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY ABRASIVES, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 14. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY CONSTRUCTION, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 15. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY OIL & GAS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 16. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PETROCHEMICALS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 17. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PHARMACEUTICALS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 18. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PROCESSING INDUSTRIES, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 19. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY REFRACTORIES, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 20. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY WATER TREATMENT PLANTS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 21. AMERICAS DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 22. AMERICAS DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 23. AMERICAS DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 24. ARGENTINA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 25. ARGENTINA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 26. BRAZIL DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 27. BRAZIL DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 28. CANADA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 29. CANADA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 30. MEXICO DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 31. MEXICO DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 32. UNITED STATES DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 33. UNITED STATES DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 34. UNITED STATES DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 35. ASIA-PACIFIC DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 36. ASIA-PACIFIC DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 37. ASIA-PACIFIC DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 38. AUSTRALIA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 39. AUSTRALIA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 40. CHINA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 41. CHINA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 42. INDIA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 43. INDIA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 44. INDONESIA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 45. INDONESIA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 46. JAPAN DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 47. JAPAN DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 48. MALAYSIA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 49. MALAYSIA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 50. PHILIPPINES DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 51. PHILIPPINES DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 52. SINGAPORE DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 53. SINGAPORE DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 54. SOUTH KOREA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 55. SOUTH KOREA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 56. TAIWAN DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 57. TAIWAN DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 58. THAILAND DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 59. THAILAND DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 60. VIETNAM DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 61. VIETNAM DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 62. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 63. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 64. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 65. DENMARK DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 66. DENMARK DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 67. EGYPT DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 68. EGYPT DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 69. FINLAND DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 70. FINLAND DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 71. FRANCE DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 72. FRANCE DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 73. GERMANY DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 74. GERMANY DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 75. ISRAEL DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 76. ISRAEL DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 77. ITALY DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 78. ITALY DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 79. NETHERLANDS DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 80. NETHERLANDS DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 81. NIGERIA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 82. NIGERIA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 83. NORWAY DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 84. NORWAY DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 85. POLAND DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 86. POLAND DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 87. QATAR DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 88. QATAR DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 89. RUSSIA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 90. RUSSIA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 91. SAUDI ARABIA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 92. SAUDI ARABIA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 93. SOUTH AFRICA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 94. SOUTH AFRICA DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 95. SPAIN DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 96. SPAIN DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 97. SWEDEN DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 98. SWEDEN DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 99. SWITZERLAND DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 100. SWITZERLAND DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 101. TURKEY DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 102. TURKEY DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 103. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 104. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 105. UNITED KINGDOM DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 106. UNITED KINGDOM DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 107. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET, FPNV POSITIONING MATRIX, 2023
TABLE 108. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYER, 2023
TABLE 109. DESICCANT & ADSORBENT MARKET LICENSE & PRICING