Table of Content

1. Preface
1.1. Objectives of the Study
1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
1.3. Years Considered for the Study
1.4. Currency & Pricing
1.5. Language
1.6. Limitations
1.7. Assumptions
1.8. Stakeholders

2. Research Methodology
2.1. Define: Research Objective
2.2. Determine: Research Design
2.3. Prepare: Research Instrument
2.4. Collect: Data Source
2.5. Analyze: Data Interpretation
2.6. Formulate: Data Verification
2.7. Publish: Research Report
2.8. Repeat: Report Update

3. Executive Summary

4. Market Overview
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Autonomous Vehicle Sensors Market, by Region

5. Market Insights
5.1. Market Dynamics
5.1.1. Drivers
5.1.1.1. Increasing adoption of autonomous vehicles worldwide
5.1.1.2. Strict governmental regulations for vehicle safety
5.1.1.3. Rising consumer focus on vehicle fuel efficiency and powertrain performance
5.1.2. Restraints
5.1.2.1. High cost of installation with volatility in raw material prices
5.1.3. Opportunities
5.1.3.1. Partnership and collaboration activities for the development of vehicle sensors
5.1.3.2. Development of novel smart sensors for the automotive sector
5.1.4. Challenges
5.1.4.1. Issues about the safety and security of vehicle sensors
5.2. Market Segmentation Analysis
5.3. Market Trend Analysis
5.4. Cumulative Impact of High Inflation
5.5. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
5.5.1. Threat of New Entrants
5.5.2. Threat of Substitutes
5.5.3. Bargaining Power of Customers
5.5.4. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
5.5.5. Industry Rivalry
5.6. Value Chain & Critical Path Analysis
5.7. Regulatory Framework

6. Autonomous Vehicle Sensors Market, by Sensor Type
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Image Sensors
6.3. LIDAR
6.4. RADAR
6.5. Ultrasonic Detectors

7. Autonomous Vehicle Sensors Market, by Sales Channel
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Aftermarket
7.3. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)

8. Americas Autonomous Vehicle Sensors Market
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Argentina
8.3. Brazil
8.4. Canada
8.5. Mexico
8.6. United States

9. Asia-Pacific Autonomous Vehicle Sensors Market
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Australia
9.3. China
9.4. India
9.5. Indonesia
9.6. Japan
9.7. Malaysia
9.8. Philippines
9.9. Singapore
9.10. South Korea
9.11. Taiwan
9.12. Thailand
9.13. Vietnam

10. Europe, Middle East & Africa Autonomous Vehicle Sensors Market
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Denmark
10.3. Egypt
10.4. Finland
10.5. France
10.6. Germany
10.7. Israel
10.8. Italy
10.9. Netherlands
10.10. Nigeria
10.11. Norway
10.12. Poland
10.13. Qatar
10.14. Russia
10.15. Saudi Arabia
10.16. South Africa
10.17. Spain
10.18. Sweden
10.19. Switzerland
10.20. Turkey
10.21. United Arab Emirates
10.22. United Kingdom

11. Competitive Landscape
11.1. FPNV Positioning Matrix
11.2. Market Share Analysis, By Key Player
11.3. Competitive Scenario Analysis, By Key Player

12. Competitive Portfolio
12.1. Key Company Profiles
12.1.1. ANSYS Inc.
12.1.2. Aptiv PLC
12.1.3. Asahi Kasei Corp.
12.1.4. Brigade Electronics Group PLC
12.1.5. Continental AG
12.1.6. Denso Corporation
12.1.7. First Sensor AG by TE Connectivity Ltd.
12.1.8. Gentex Corporation
12.1.9. HELLA GmbH and Co. KG by Faurecia
12.1.10. HORIBA Group
12.1.11. Ibeo Automotive Systems GmbH by SICK AG
12.1.12. LeddarTech Inc.
12.1.13. Lumentum Holdings Inc.
12.1.14. Luminar Technologies
12.1.15. Mitsubishi Electric Corp.
12.1.16. Navtech Radar
12.1.17. Nidec Corp.
12.1.18. NVIDIA Corporation
12.1.19. NXP Semiconductors NV
12.1.20. ON Semiconductor Corp. by BelGaN Group BV
12.1.21. PIXELPLUS Co. Ltd
12.1.22. Robert Bosch GmbH
12.1.23. Systec Automotive GmbH
12.1.24. Valeo
12.1.25. Velodyne Lidar, Inc. by Ouster, Inc.
12.2. Key Product Portfolio

13. Appendix
13.1. Discussion Guide
13.2. License & Pricing



List of Figures

FIGURE 1. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET RESEARCH PROCESS
FIGURE 2. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, 2023 VS 2030
FIGURE 3. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 4. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 5. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 6. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET DYNAMICS
FIGURE 7. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 8. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 9. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 10. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 11. AMERICAS AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 12. AMERICAS AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 13. UNITED STATES AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 14. UNITED STATES AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 15. ASIA-PACIFIC AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 16. ASIA-PACIFIC AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 17. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 18. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 19. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET, FPNV POSITIONING MATRIX, 2023
FIGURE 20. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYER, 2023

List of Tables

TABLE 1. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SEGMENTATION & COVERAGE
TABLE 2. UNITED STATES DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE, 2018–2023
TABLE 3. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 4. GLOBAL AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 5. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 6. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY IMAGE SENSORS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 7. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY LIDAR, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 8. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY RADAR, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 9. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY ULTRASONIC DETECTORS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 10. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 11. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY AFTERMARKET, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 12. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER (OEM), BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 13. AMERICAS AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 14. AMERICAS AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 15. AMERICAS AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 16. ARGENTINA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 17. ARGENTINA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 18. BRAZIL AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 19. BRAZIL AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 20. CANADA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 21. CANADA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 22. MEXICO AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 23. MEXICO AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 24. UNITED STATES AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 25. UNITED STATES AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 26. UNITED STATES AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 27. ASIA-PACIFIC AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 28. ASIA-PACIFIC AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 29. ASIA-PACIFIC AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 30. AUSTRALIA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 31. AUSTRALIA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 32. CHINA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 33. CHINA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 34. INDIA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 35. INDIA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 36. INDONESIA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 37. INDONESIA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 38. JAPAN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 39. JAPAN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 40. MALAYSIA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 41. MALAYSIA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 42. PHILIPPINES AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 43. PHILIPPINES AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 44. SINGAPORE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 45. SINGAPORE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 46. SOUTH KOREA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 47. SOUTH KOREA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 48. TAIWAN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 49. TAIWAN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 50. THAILAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 51. THAILAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 52. VIETNAM AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 53. VIETNAM AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 54. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 55. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 56. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 57. DENMARK AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 58. DENMARK AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 59. EGYPT AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 60. EGYPT AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 61. FINLAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 62. FINLAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 63. FRANCE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 64. FRANCE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 65. GERMANY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 66. GERMANY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 67. ISRAEL AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 68. ISRAEL AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 69. ITALY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 70. ITALY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 71. NETHERLANDS AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 72. NETHERLANDS AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 73. NIGERIA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 74. NIGERIA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 75. NORWAY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 76. NORWAY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 77. POLAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 78. POLAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 79. QATAR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 80. QATAR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 81. RUSSIA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 82. RUSSIA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 83. SAUDI ARABIA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 84. SAUDI ARABIA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 85. SOUTH AFRICA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 86. SOUTH AFRICA AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 87. SPAIN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 88. SPAIN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 89. SWEDEN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 90. SWEDEN AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 91. SWITZERLAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 92. SWITZERLAND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 93. TURKEY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 94. TURKEY AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 95. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 96. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 97. UNITED KINGDOM AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SENSOR TYPE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 98. UNITED KINGDOM AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SIZE, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 99. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET, FPNV POSITIONING MATRIX, 2023
TABLE 100. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYER, 2023
TABLE 101. AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE SENSORS MARKET LICENSE & PRICING