Table of Content

1. Preface
1.1. Objectives of the Study
1.2. Market Segmentation & Coverage
1.3. Years Considered for the Study
1.4. Currency & Pricing
1.5. Language
1.6. Limitations
1.7. Assumptions
1.8. Stakeholders

2. Research Methodology
2.1. Define: Research Objective
2.2. Determine: Research Design
2.3. Prepare: Research Instrument
2.4. Collect: Data Source
2.5. Analyze: Data Interpretation
2.6. Formulate: Data Verification
2.7. Publish: Research Report
2.8. Repeat: Report Update

3. Executive Summary

4. Market Overview
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride Market, by Region

5. Market Insights
5.1. Market Dynamics
5.1.1. Drivers
5.1.1.1. Increasing demand as a catalyst in the processing of pharmaceuticals, polymers, agricultural chemicals
5.1.1.2. Rising product utilization in cosmetics industry in synthesizing perfumes, deodorants, and other fragrances
5.1.1.3. Upswing in the demand from wastewater treatment solutions
5.1.2. Restraints
5.1.2.1. Fluctuating raw materials prices
5.1.3. Opportunities
5.1.3.1. Proliferating research on the use of aluminium chloride as a coagulant
5.1.3.2. Rapid demand from chemical manufacturing industry
5.1.4. Challenges
5.1.4.1. Stringent regulations imposed on usage of product due to its hazardous and toxic nature
5.2. Market Segmentation Analysis
5.3. Market Trend Analysis
5.4. Cumulative Impact of High Inflation
5.5. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
5.5.1. Threat of New Entrants
5.5.2. Threat of Substitutes
5.5.3. Bargaining Power of Customers
5.5.4. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
5.5.5. Industry Rivalry
5.6. Value Chain & Critical Path Analysis
5.7. Regulatory Framework

6. Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride Market, by Form
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Granule
6.3. Powder

7. Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride Market, by Application
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Dyes & Pigments
7.3. Electrolytic Production of Aluminum
7.4. Fumed Alumina
7.5. Hydrocarbon Resins
7.6. Pesticides
7.7. Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics
7.8. Titanium Dioxide

8. Americas Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride Market
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Argentina
8.3. Brazil
8.4. Canada
8.5. Mexico
8.6. United States

9. Asia-Pacific Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride Market
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Australia
9.3. China
9.4. India
9.5. Indonesia
9.6. Japan
9.7. Malaysia
9.8. Philippines
9.9. Singapore
9.10. South Korea
9.11. Taiwan
9.12. Thailand
9.13. Vietnam

10. Europe, Middle East & Africa Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride Market
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Denmark
10.3. Egypt
10.4. Finland
10.5. France
10.6. Germany
10.7. Israel
10.8. Italy
10.9. Netherlands
10.10. Nigeria
10.11. Norway
10.12. Poland
10.13. Qatar
10.14. Russia
10.15. Saudi Arabia
10.16. South Africa
10.17. Spain
10.18. Sweden
10.19. Switzerland
10.20. Turkey
10.21. United Arab Emirates
10.22. United Kingdom

11. Competitive Landscape
11.1. FPNV Positioning Matrix
11.2. Market Share Analysis, By Key Player
11.3. Competitive Scenario Analysis, By Key Player

12. Competitive Portfolio
12.1. Key Company Profiles
12.1.1. Aditya Birla Chemicals Pvt. Ltd
12.1.2. American Elements Corporation
12.1.3. Anmol Chloro Chem
12.1.4. Base Metal Group
12.1.5. Dcm Shriram Industries Ltd
12.1.6. Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited
12.1.7. Gulbrandsen Technologies, Inc.
12.1.8. Jobachem GmbH
12.1.9. Kemira Oyj
12.1.10. Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd.
12.1.11. Merck KGaA
12.1.12. Nippon Light Metal Co., Ltd.
12.1.13. Nippon Soda Co., Ltd
12.1.14. Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc
12.1.15. Upra Chem Pvt. Ltd.
12.1.16. Vanchlor Co, Inc.
12.2. Key Product Portfolio

13. Appendix
13.1. Discussion Guide
13.2. License & Pricing



List of Figures

FIGURE 1. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET RESEARCH PROCESS
FIGURE 2. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, 2023 VS 2030
FIGURE 3. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 4. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 5. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 6. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET DYNAMICS
FIGURE 7. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 8. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 9. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 10. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 11. AMERICAS ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 12. AMERICAS ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 13. UNITED STATES ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 14. UNITED STATES ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 15. ASIA-PACIFIC ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 16. ASIA-PACIFIC ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 17. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2030 (%)
FIGURE 18. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2030 (USD MILLION)
FIGURE 19. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET, FPNV POSITIONING MATRIX, 2023
FIGURE 20. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYER, 2023

List of Tables

TABLE 1. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SEGMENTATION & COVERAGE
TABLE 2. UNITED STATES DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE, 2018–2023
TABLE 3. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 4. GLOBAL ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 5. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 6. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY GRANULE, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 7. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY POWDER, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 8. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 9. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY DYES & PIGMENTS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 10. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 11. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FUMED ALUMINA, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 12. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY HYDROCARBON RESINS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 13. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY PESTICIDES, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 14. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY PHARMACEUTICALS & COSMETICS, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 15. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY TITANIUM DIOXIDE, BY REGION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 16. AMERICAS ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 17. AMERICAS ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 18. AMERICAS ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 19. ARGENTINA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 20. ARGENTINA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 21. BRAZIL ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 22. BRAZIL ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 23. CANADA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 24. CANADA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 25. MEXICO ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 26. MEXICO ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 27. UNITED STATES ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 28. UNITED STATES ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 29. UNITED STATES ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY STATE, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 30. ASIA-PACIFIC ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 31. ASIA-PACIFIC ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 32. ASIA-PACIFIC ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 33. AUSTRALIA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 34. AUSTRALIA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 35. CHINA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 36. CHINA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 37. INDIA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 38. INDIA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 39. INDONESIA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 40. INDONESIA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 41. JAPAN ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 42. JAPAN ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 43. MALAYSIA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 44. MALAYSIA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 45. PHILIPPINES ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 46. PHILIPPINES ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 47. SINGAPORE ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 48. SINGAPORE ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 49. SOUTH KOREA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 50. SOUTH KOREA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 51. TAIWAN ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 52. TAIWAN ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 53. THAILAND ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 54. THAILAND ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 55. VIETNAM ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 56. VIETNAM ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 57. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 58. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 59. EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 60. DENMARK ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 61. DENMARK ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 62. EGYPT ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 63. EGYPT ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 64. FINLAND ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 65. FINLAND ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 66. FRANCE ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 67. FRANCE ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 68. GERMANY ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 69. GERMANY ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 70. ISRAEL ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 71. ISRAEL ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 72. ITALY ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 73. ITALY ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 74. NETHERLANDS ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 75. NETHERLANDS ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 76. NIGERIA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 77. NIGERIA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 78. NORWAY ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 79. NORWAY ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 80. POLAND ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 81. POLAND ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 82. QATAR ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 83. QATAR ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 84. RUSSIA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 85. RUSSIA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 86. SAUDI ARABIA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 87. SAUDI ARABIA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 88. SOUTH AFRICA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 89. SOUTH AFRICA ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 90. SPAIN ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 91. SPAIN ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 92. SWEDEN ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 93. SWEDEN ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 94. SWITZERLAND ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 95. SWITZERLAND ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 96. TURKEY ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 97. TURKEY ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 98. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 99. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 100. UNITED KINGDOM ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY FORM, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 101. UNITED KINGDOM ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2018-2030 (USD MILLION)
TABLE 102. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET, FPNV POSITIONING MATRIX, 2023
TABLE 103. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET SHARE, BY KEY PLAYER, 2023
TABLE 104. ANHYDROUS ALUMINUM CHLORIDE MARKET LICENSE & PRICING