Table of Content
1 The Report Key Assumptions
2 Executive Summary.
2.1 Key Findings
2.2 Key Conclusions.
2.3 Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market Segmentation Vectors.
2.4 Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2022-2030
2.4.1 Europe Market by Technology – 2022-2030
2.4.2 Europe Market by Sector – 2022-2030.
2.4.3 Europe Market by Revenue Source – 2022-2030.
2.4.4 Europe Market by Country – 2022-2030
3 COP26 & COVID-19 Implications
3.1 COP26 Takeaway
3.2 COVID-19 Implications
4 The Industry Value Chain.
5 Business Opportunities.
6 Market Drivers
7 Market Inhibitors
8 SWOT Analysis
8.1 Strengths.
8.2 Weaknesses
8.3 Opportunities
8.4 Threats..
TECHNOLOGY, PRODUCT & SERVICE MARKETS.
9 Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Technologies, Products & Services Markets – 2020-2030
9.1 Technology, Products & Services Markets Size
9.2 Technology Products & Services Markets Dynamics.
9.3 Technology Products & Services Markets Share
10 Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market – 2022-2030
10.1 CEO Takeaway
10.1.1 Summary
10.1.2 Kelp Farms Products
10.1.3 Biological Carbon Sequestration
10.1.4 Microalgae Carbon Biological Capture & Utilization
10.1.5 Oceans Carbon Sequestration
10.1.6 Soil Carbon Sequestration
10.1.7 Forests Carbon Sequestration
10.1.8 Grasslands Carbon Sequestration
10.1.9 Impacts of Carbon Sequestration.
10.2 Europe Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market – 2020-2030
10.2.1 Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market Size.
10.2.2 Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market Dynamics
10.2.3 Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market Share
11 Carbon Capture & Storage Market – 2022-2030
11.1 CEO Takeaway
11.1.1 Summary
11.1.2 Geological Carbon Sequestration
11.1.3 Technological Carbon Sequestration
11.1.4 Graphene Production
11.1.5 Direct Air Capture (DAC).
11.1.6 Engineered Molecules
11.1.7 CCS, DOE Investments.
11.2 Key Vendors.
11.3 Europe Carbon Capture & Storage Market – 2020-2030
11.3.1 Carbon Capture & Storage Market Size.
11.3.2 Carbon Capture & Storage Market Dynamics.
11.3.3 Carbon Capture & Storage Market Share.
12 Carbon Capture & Utilization Market – 2022-2030
12.1 CEO Takeaway
12.1.1 Summary
12.1.2 CCU Proliferation
12.1.3 Carbon Capture and Utilization Applications
12.1.4 Algae Cultivation.
12.2 Key Vendors.
12.3 Europe Carbon Capture & Utilization Market – 2020-2030
12.3.1 Carbon Capture & Utilization Market Size.
12.3.2 Carbon Capture & Utilization Market Dynamics
12.3.3 Carbon Capture & Utilization Market Share
13 Methane Abatement Market – 2022-2030
13.1 CEO Takeaway
13.1.1 Summary
13.1.2 Methane Sources
13.1.3 COP26 Methane Pledge.
13.1.4 Methane Mitigation
13.1.5 GHG Abatement Cost Forcast – 2030.
13.2 Key Vendors.
13.3 Europe Methane Abatement Market – 2020-2030.
13.3.1 Methane Abatement Market Size.
13.3.2 Methane Abatement Market Dynamics
13.3.3 Methane Abatement Market Share..
14 Geothermal Power Generation Market – 2022-2030
14.1 CEO Takeaway
14.1.1 Summary
14.1.2 Geothermal Electric Power Generation..
14.1.3 Geothermal Power Plants LCOE
14.1.4 Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)..
14.1.5 The 2022-2030 Market Growth Drivers
14.2 Key Vendors.
14.3 Europe Geothermal Power Generation Market – 2020-2030
14.3.1 Geothermal Power Generation Market Size
14.3.2 Geothermal Power Generation Market Dynamics
14.3.3 Geothermal Power Generation Market Share.
15 Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market – 2022-2030
15.1 CEO Takeaway
15.1.1 Summary
15.1.2 Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Applications
15.1.3 Geothermal Heat Pumps. Heating and Cooling
15.1.4 Geothermal District Heating.
15.1.5 Geothermal Heating Pump Price Competitiveness
15.2 Europe Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market – 2020-2030
15.2.1 Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market Size
15.2.2 Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market Dynamics
15.2.3 Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market Share
16 Marine Power Systems Market – 2022-2030.
16.1 CEO Takeaway
16.1.1 Summary
16.1.2 Marine Tidal Power technologies.
16.1.3 Marine Current Power Generation
16.1.4 Marine Osmotic Power Generation..
16.1.5 Ocean Thermal Energy.
16.1.6 Marine Wave Power
16.2 Key Vendors.
16.3 Europe Marine Power Market – 2020-2030
16.3.1 Marine Power Market Size..
16.3.2 Marine Power Market Dynamics
16.3.3 Marine Power Market Share
17 Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market – 2022-2030
17.1 CEO Takeaway
17.1.1 Summary
17.1.2 Market Outlook.
17.2 Key Vendors.
17.3 Europe Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market – 2020-2030.
17.3.1 Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market Size.
17.3.2 Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market Dynamics.
17.3.3 Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market Share.
18 Rooftop Solar PV Market – 2022-2030
18.1 CEO Takeaway
18.1.1 Summary
18.1.2 Solar Rooftop Technology
18.1.3 Solar Rooftop System Economics..
18.1.4 Adoption Of Rooftop PV
18.2 Europe Rooftop Solar PV Market – 2020-2030
18.2.1 Rooftop Solar PV Market Size
18.2.2 Rooftop Solar PV Market Dynamics.
18.2.3 Rooftop Solar PV Market Share
19 Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market – 2022-2030.
19.1 CEO Takeaway
19.1.1 Summary
19.1.2 CSP Projects
19.1.3 CSP vs. Solar PV
19.2 CSP Key Vendors
19.3 Europe Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market – 2020-2030
19.3.1 Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market Size
19.3.2 Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market Dynamics
19.3.3 Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market Share.
20 Hydroelectric Power Market – 2022-2030
20.1 CEO Takeaway
20.1.1 Summary
20.1.2 Hydropower LCOE
20.1.3 Hydropower Technology.
20.1.4 Hydroelectric Power Project Construction Cost
20.2 Key Vendors.
20.3 Europe Hydroelectric Power Market – 2020-2030.
20.3.1 Hydroelectric Power Market Size.
20.3.2 Hydroelectric Power Market Dynamics
20.3.3 Hydroelectric Power Market Share
21 Small Nuclear Reactors Market – 2022-2030
21.1 CEO Takeaway
21.1.1 Summary
21.1.2 Advantages of SMRs
21.1.3 SMR Challenges.
21.2 Key Vendors.
21.3 Europe Small Nuclear Reactors Market – 2020-2030
21.3.1 Small Nuclear Reactors Market Size
21.3.2 Small Nuclear Reactors Market Dynamics
21.3.3 Small Nuclear Reactors Market Share
22 Nuclear Energy Plants (> 1 GW) Market – 2022-2030
22.1 CEO Takeaway
22.1.1 Summary
22.1.2 Facts and Figures
22.1.3 Installed Base of Power Reactors – 2021
22.2 Key Vendors.
22.3 Europe Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market – 2020-2030
22.3.1 Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market Size
22.3.2 Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market Dynamics
22.3.3 Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market Share.
23 Waste to Energy Plants Market – 2022-2030.
23.1 CEO Takeaway
23.1.1 Summary
23.1.2 Facts & Figures
23.1.3 Waste to Energy Economy..
23.2 Europe Waste to Energy Plants Market – 2020-2030
23.2.1 Waste to Energy Plants Market Size
23.2.2 Waste to Energy Plants Market Dynamics
23.2.3 Waste to Energy Plants Market Share
24 Offshore Wind Power Market – 2022-2030..
24.1 CEO Takeaway
24.1.1 Summary
24.1.2 Floating offshore wind power market
24.1.3 The Proliferation of Offshore Wind Power Farms by Geography.
24.1.4 Operational Cost.
24.1.5 Cost trends
24.2 Key Vendors.
24.3 Europe Offshore Wind Power Market – 2020-2030
24.3.1 Offshore Wind Power Market Size
24.3.2 Offshore Wind Power Market Dynamics.
24.3.3 Offshore Wind Power Market Share.
25 Onshore Wind Power Market – 2022-2030..
25.1 CEO Takeaway
25.1.1 Summary
25.1.2 Onshore Wind LCOE Outlook
25.1.3 Onshore Wind Power Disadvantages.
25.1.4 Key Vendors
25.2 Europe Onshore Wind Power Market – 2020-2030
25.2.1 Onshore Wind Power Market Size
25.2.2 Onshore Wind Power Market Dynamics.
25.2.3 Onshore Wind Power Market Share.
26 Bioenergy Market – 2022-2030.
26.1 CEO Takeaway
26.1.1 Summary
26.1.2 Bioenergy for Electricity Generation.
26.1.3 Bioenergy in Industry
26.1.4 Thermo-Chemical Process..
26.1.5 Bio-Chemical Process
26.1.6 Bioenergy Conversion Technologies
26.1.7 Global Bioenergy Market.
26.1.8 Global Bio-Heating Market..
26.1.9 Biomass Heating For Buildings
26.1.10 Global Bio-Power Markets
26.1.11 The Global Solid Biomass Industry..
26.1.12 The Global Liquid Biofuels Industry..
26.1.13 The Global Gaseous Biomass Industry..
26.1.14 Global Bioenergy CCS & CCU
26.1.15 Thermal Conversions
26.1.16 Chemical Conversion
26.1.17 Biochemical Conversion
26.1.18 Electrochemical Conversions.
26.2 Key Vendors.
26.3 Europe Bioenergy Market – 2020-2030..
26.3.1 Bioenergy Market Size..
26.3.2 Bioenergy Market Dynamics
26.3.3 Bioenergy Market Share
27 Other Renewable Energy Market – 2022-2030..
27.1 Europe Other Renewable Energy Market – 2020-2030
27.1.1 Other Renewable Energy Market Size
27.1.2 Other Renewable Energy Market Dynamics
27.1.3 Other Renewable Energy Market Share.
28 Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market – 2022-2030.
28.1 CEO Takeaway
28.1.1 Summary
28.1.2 The U.S. Energy Storage Market
28.1.3 Grid-Scale Battery Storage Benefits.
28.1.4 EVs and Energy Storage.
28.2 Key Vendors.
28.3 Europe Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market – 2020-2030
28.3.1 Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market Size.
28.3.2 Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market Dynamics.
28.3.3 Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market Share.
29 Thermal Energy Storage Market – 2022-2030
29.1 CEO Takeaway
29.1.1 Summary
29.1.2 Thermal Energy Storage Advantages
29.1.3 Molten Salt Storage Technology
29.1.4 Key Vendors
29.2 Europe Thermal Energy Storage Market – 2020-2030
29.2.1 Thermal Energy Storage Market Size.
29.2.2 Thermal Energy Storage Market Dynamics
29.2.3 Thermal Energy Storage Market Share..
30 Compressed-Air Storage Market – 2022-2030..
30.1 CEO Takeaway
30.1.1 Summary
30.1.2 Adiabatic Compressed-Air Energy Storage
30.1.3 Diabatic Compressed-Air Energy Storage
30.2 Key Vendors.
30.3 Europe Compressed-Air Storage Market – 2020-2030
30.3.1 Compressed-Air Storage Market Size
30.3.2 Compressed-Air Storage Market Dynamics
30.3.3 Compressed-Air Storage Market Share..
31 Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market – 2022-2030
31.1 CEO Takeaway
31.1.1 Summary
31.1.2 Facts & Figures
31.1.3 Pumped Hydroelectric Storage Technologies.
31.1.4 Variable-Speed Pump-Storage Technology
31.1.5 Key Vendors
31.2 Europe Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market – 2020-2030
31.2.1 Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market Size
31.2.2 Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market Dynamics.
31.2.3 Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market Share
32 Other Energy Storage Modalities Market – 2022-2030..
32.1 Europe Other Energy Storage Modalities Market – 2020-2030
32.1.1 Other Energy Storage Modalities Market Size.
32.1.2 Other Energy Storage Modalities Market Dynamics
32.1.3 Other Energy Storage Modalities Market Share..
33 Green Cement Market – 2022-2030.
33.1 CEO Takeaway
33.1.1 Summary
33.1.2 Cement Decarbonization Options
33.1.3 Cement Negative Emission Technologies.
33.2 Key Vendors.
33.3 Europe Green Cement Market – 2020-2030.
33.3.1 Green Cement Market Size.
33.3.2 Green Cement Market Dynamics.
33.3.3 Green Cement Market Share.
34 Green Steel Market – 2022-2030.
34.1 CEO Takeaway
34.1.1 Summary
34.1.2 CHG Emissions & Decarbonized (Green) Steel..
34.2 Europe Green Steel Market – 2020-2030.
34.2.1 Green Steel Market Size.
34.2.2 Green Steel Market Dynamics
34.2.3 Green Steel Market Share
35 Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market – 2022-2030
35.1 CEO Takeaway
35.1.1 Summary
35.2 Europe Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market – 2020-2030.
35.2.1 Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market Size
35.2.2 Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market Dynamics
35.2.3 Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market Share
36 Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market – 2022-2030.
36.1 CEO Takeaway
36.1.1 Summary
36.1.2 Example 1. Thermoelectric Effect
36.1.3 Example 2: Reciprocating Compressors.
36.1.4 Example 3: Energy Efficient HVAC Ducts.
36.2 Key Vendors.
36.3 Europe Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market – 2020-2030..
36.3.1 Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market Size
36.3.2 Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market Dynamics
36.3.3 Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market Share.
37 Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market – 2022-2030
37.1 CEO Takeaway
37.1.1 Summary
37.2 Key Vendors.
37.3 Europe Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market – 2020-2030
37.3.1 Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market Size
37.3.2 Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market Dynamics
37.3.3 Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market Share
38 Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market – 2022-2030
38.1 CEO Takeaway
38.1.1 Summary
38.1.2 Heat Pump Technologies
38.1.3 Heat Pump Cost Performance
38.1.4 Legislation..
38.2 Key Vendors.
38.3 Europe Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market – 2020-2030
38.3.1 Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market Size
38.3.2 Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market Dynamics
38.3.3 Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market Share..
39 Direct Solar Water Heating Market – 2022-2030
39.1 CEO Takeaway
39.1.1 Summary
39.2 Key Vendors.
39.3 Europe Direct Solar Water Heating Market – 2020-2030
39.3.1 Direct Solar Water Heating Market Size.
39.3.2 Direct Solar Water Heating Market Dynamics.
39.3.3 Direct Solar Water Heating Market Share.
40 Passenger BEV Cars Market – 2022-2030
40.1 CEO Takeaway
40.1.1 Summary
40.1.2 Electric Cars vs. ICE Car Materials..
40.1.3 Phasing Out Of Passenger ICE Cars.
40.1.4 COVID-19 Effects
40.2 Key Vendors.
40.3 Europe Passenger BEV Cars Market – 2020-2030
40.3.1 Passenger BEV Cars Market Size
40.3.2 Passenger BEV Cars Market Dynamics.
40.3.3 Passenger BEV Cars Market Share.
41 Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market – 2022-2030
41.1 CEO Takeaway
41.1.1 Summary
41.2 Europe Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market – 2020-2030
41.2.1 Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market Size.
41.2.2 Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market Dynamics
41.2.3 Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market Share
42 Freight BEVs Market – 2022-2030
42.1 CEO Takeaway
42.1.1 Summary
42.1.2 COVID-19 Effects
42.2 Key Vendors.
42.3 Europe Freight BEVs Market – 2020-2030
42.3.1 Freight BEVs Market Size
42.3.2 Freight BEVs Market Dynamics
42.3.3 Freight BEVs Market Share.
43 Electric Buses Market – 2022-2030.
43.1 CEO Takeaway
43.1.1 Summary
43.1.2 E-Bus Economy
43.1.3 COVID-19 Effects
43.2 Key Vendors.
43.4 Europe Electric Buses Market – 2020-2030..
43.4.1 Electric Buses Market Size..
43.4.2 Electric Buses Market Dynamics
43.4.3 Electric Buses Market Share.
44 Other BEVs Market – 2022-2030.
44.1 CEO Takeaway
44.1.1 Summary
44.2 Key Vendors.
44.3 Europe Other BEVs Market – 2020-2030
44.3.1 Other BEVs Market Size.
44.3.2 Other BEVs Market Dynamics
44.3.3 Other BEVs Market Share
45 EV Charging Systems Market – 2022-2030.
45.1 CEO Takeaway
45.1.1 Summary
45.1.2 Light-Duty Vehicle Chargers
45.1.3 Private Home And Workplace Chargers.
45.1.4 Charging Heavy-Duty Electric Trucks.
45.1.5 Mega-High Power Charging Standarts
45.1.6 EVs and Energy Storage.
45.1.7 Wireless Charging
45.2 Key Vendors.
45.3 Europe EV Charging Systems Market – 2020-2030
45.3.1 EV Charging Systems Market Size..
45.3.2 EV Charging Systems Market Dynamics
45.3.3 EV Charging Systems Market Share
46 Hydrogen Vehicles Market – 2022-2030
46.1 CEO Takeaway
46.1.1 Summary
46.1.2 Fuel Cell Passenger Vehicles
46.1.3 Fuel-cell Buses.
46.1.4 Fuel-cell Trams and Trains..
46.1.5 Hydrogen Vehicles Advantages
46.1.6 Hydrogen Vehicles Disadvantages
46.1.7 Hydrogen Storage
46.2 Key Vendors.
46.3 Europe Hydrogen Vehicles Market – 2020-2030
46.3.1 Hydrogen Vehicles Market Size
46.3.2 Hydrogen Vehicles Market Dynamics.
46.3.3 Hydrogen Vehicles Market Share.
47 Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market – 2022-2030
47.1 CEO Takeaway
47.1.1 Summary
47.2 Key Vendors.
47.3 Europe Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market – 2020-2030.
47.3.1 Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market Size.
47.3.2 Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market Dynamics
47.3.3 Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market Share
48 Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market – 2022-2030
48.1 CEO Takeaway
48.1.1 Summary
48.2 Key Vendors.
48.3 Europe Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market – 2020-2030
48.3.1 Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market Size
48.3.2 Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market Dynamics
48.3.3 Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market Share
49 Green Hydrogen Production Market – 2022-2030
49.1 CEO Takeaway
49.1.1 Summary
49.1.2 Green Hydrogen.
49.1.3 The European Hydrogen Market.
49.1.4 The Asia-Pacific Hydrogen Market
49.2 A Net-Zero“Hydrogen Economy” by 2050 Scenario
49.3 Key Vendors.
49.4 Europe Green Hydrogen Production Market – 2020-2030
49.4.1 Green Hydrogen Production Market Size.
49.4.2 Green Hydrogen Production Market Dynamics
49.4.3 Green Hydrogen Production Market Share
50 Precision Agriculture Market – 2022-2030..
50.1 CEO Takeaway
50.1.1 Summary
50.2 Precision Agriculture Challenges.
50.3 Precision Agriculture Technologies
50.3.1 Remote Sensing.
50.3.2 Genetic Engineering.
50.3.3 Agricultural Robots
50.3.4 Drones
50.3.5 Vertical Cultivating
50.3.6 Data.
50.3.7 Connected Water
50.3.8 Electric Fish.
50.3.9 Connected Cows
50.3.10 Farm Management Systems
50.4 Key Vendors.
50.5 Europe Precision Agriculture Market – 2020-2030.
50.5.1 Precision Agriculture Market Size
50.5.2 Precision Agriculture Market Dynamics..
50.5.3 Precision Agriculture Market Share..
51 Regenerative Agriculture Market – 2022-2030..
51.1 CEO Takeaway
51.1.1 Summary
51.2 Europe Regenerative Agriculture Market – 2020-2030
51.2.1 Regenerative Agriculture Market Size
51.2.2 Regenerative Agriculture Market Dynamics
51.2.3 Regenerative Agriculture Market Share..
52 Climate Adapted Agriculture Market – 2022-2030
52.1 CEO Takeaway
52.1.1 Summary
52.2 Agriculture GHG Emission
52.3 Key Vendors.
53.1 Europe Climate Adapted Agriculture Market – 2020-2030
53.1.1 Climate Adapted Agriculture Market Size.
53.1.2 Climate Adapted Agriculture Market Dynamics
53.1.3 Climate Adapted Agriculture Market Share
54 Reforestation Market – 2022-2030..
54.1 CEO Takeaway
54.1.1 Summary
54.1.2 Reforestation Management.
54.1.3 Reforestation for Climate Change Mitigation
54.1.4 Reforestation Strategies
54.1.5 Empress Trees.
54.1.6 Finanancing Deforestation
54.1.7 Megacities Forestation..
54.1.8 Example: China Reforestation
54.2 Key Vendors.
54.3 Europe Reforestation Market – 2020-2030
54.3.1 Reforestation Market Size
54.3.2 Reforestation Market Dynamics
54.3.3 Reforestation Market Share.
55 Bioremediation Market – 2022-2030.
55.1 CEO Takeaway
55.1.1 Summary
55.1.2 Bioremediation Cleanup Strategy.
55.2 Key Vendors.
55.3 Europe Bioremediation Market – 2020-2030.
55.3.1 Bioremediation Market Size.
55.3.2 Bioremediation Market Dynamics.
55.3.3 Bioremediation Market Share
56 Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market – 2022-2030
56.1 CEO Takeaway
56.1.1 Summary
56.1.2 Digital Technologies
56.1.3 Water Management Strategy.
56.1.4 Agriculture Water Management
56.1.5 Urban Water Management..
56.1.6 Urban Decision Support System
56.2 Key Vendors.
56.3 Europe Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market – 2020-2030
56.3.1 Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market Size
56.3.2 Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market Dynamics
56.3.3 Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market Share
57 Water Redeemable (Water Reclamation) Systems Market – 2022-2030
57.1 CEO Takeaway
57.1.1 Summary
57.1.2 Sewage Treatment Plants
57.1.3 Example: Water Reclamation in China..
57.2 Key Vendors.
57.3 Europe Water Redeemable Systems Market – 2020-2030
57.3.1 Water Redeemable Systems Market Size.
57.3.2 Water Redeemable Systems Market Dynamics..
57.3.3 Water Redeemable Systems Market Share
58 Desalination Plants Market – 2022-2030.
58.1 CEO Takeaway
58.2 Technologies
58.2.1 Solar Distillation
58.2.2 Natural Evaporation
58.2.3 Vacuum Distillation
58.2.4 Multi-Stage Flash Distillation.
58.2.5 Multiple-Effect Distillation
58.2.6 Vapor-Compression Distillation
58.2.7 Wave-Powered Desalination.
58.2.8 Membrane Distillation
58.2.9 Reverse Osmosis
58.2.10 Forward Osmosis
58.2.11 Freeze–Thaw
58.2.12 Electrodialysis Membrane
58.2.13 Technical Challenges
58.3 Key Vendors.
58.4 Europe Desalination Plants Market – 2020-2030
58.4.1 Desalination Plants Market Size
58.4.2 Desalination Plants Market Dynamics
58.4.3 Desalination Plants Market Share
59 Precision Irrigation Market – 2022-2030.
59.1 CEO Takeaway
59.1.1 Summary
59.1.2 Drip Irrigation
59.1.3 Variable Rate Irrigation.
59.1.4 GPS Technology
59.1.5 Monitoring and Automation..
59.1.6 Challenges & Opportunities.
59.2 Key Vendors.
59.3 Europe Precision Irrigation Market – 2020-2030
59.3.1 Precision Irrigation Market Size
59.3.2 Precision Irrigation Market Dynamics.
59.3.3 Precision Irrigation Market Share.
60 Passive Green Buildings Market – 2022-2030..
60.1 CEO Takeaway
60.1.1 Summary
60.1.2 Buildings GHG Emission & Energy Consumption
60.2 Key Vendors.
60.3 Europe Passive Green Buildings Market – 2020-2030
60.3.1 Passive Green Buildings Market Size.
60.3.2 Passive Green Buildings Market Dynamics
60.3.3 Passive Green Buildings Market Share..
61 Flood Control Market – 2022-2030..
61.1 CEO Takeaway
61.1.1 Summary
61.1.2 Structural Forms of Mitigation
61.1.3 Nonstructural Measures
61.1.4 Floodwater Diversion and Storage
61.1.5 Floodplain and Stream Restoration..
61.2 Key Vendors.
61.3 Europe Floods Control Market – 2020-2030.
61.3.1 Floods Control Market Size.
61.3.2 Floods Control Market Dynamics.
61.3.3 Floods Control Market Share.
62 Wildfire Mitigation Market – 2022-2030
62.1 CEO Takeaway
62.1.1 Summary
62.1.2 Carbon Emissions
62.2 Key Vendors.
62.3 Europe Wildfire Mitigation Market – 2020-2030
62.3.1 Wildfire Mitigation Market Size
62.3.2 Wildfire Mitigation Market Dynamics.
62.3.3 Wildfire Mitigation Market Share
63 Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market – 2022-2030
63.1 CEO Takeaway
63.1.1 Summary
63.1.2 AI and Machine Learning To Predict Weather Events
63.2 Key Vendors.
63.3 Europe Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market – 2020-2030
63.3.1 Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market Size.
63.3.2 Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market Dynamics
63.3.3 Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market Share
64 Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market – 2022-2030
64.1 CEO Takeaway
64.1.1 Summary
64.1.2 Cell Baed Broadcast.
64.1.3 Location Based Alert SMS
64.2 Europe Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market – 2020-2030
64.2.1 Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market Size.
64.2.2 Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market Dynamics
64.2.3 Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market Share
65 Big Data & AI Market – 2022-2030
65.1 CEO Takeaway
65.1.1 Summary
65.1.2 Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Global Warming Mitigation Industry
65.2 Key Vendors.
65.3 Europe Big Data & AI Market – 2020-2030
65.3.1 Big Data & AI Market Size
65.3.2 Big Data & AI Market Dynamics
65.3.3 Big Data & AI Market Share.
66 Cybersecurity Market – 2022-2030.
66.1 CEO Takeaway
66.1.1 Summary
66.1.2 Cybersecurity in the Global Warming Mitigation Industry
66.1.3 Cybercrime in the Electric Power Industry
66.2 Key Vendors.
66.3 Europe Cybersecurity Market – 2020-2030
66.3.1 Cybersecurity Market Size
66.3.2 Cybersecurity Market Dynamics
66.3.3 Cybersecurity Market Share
67 ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market – 2022-2030
67.1 CEO Takeaway
67.1.1 Summary
67.1.2 Distributed Energy Resources ICT
67.2 Key Vendors.
67.3 Europe ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market – 2020-2030
67.3.1 ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market Size
67.3.2 ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market Dynamics..
67.3.3 ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market Share
68 GHG Emission Tracking Market – 2022-2030
68.1 CEO Takeaway
68.1.1 Summary
68.1.2 Methane Emission Tracking Technologies
68.2 Key Vendors.
68.3 Europe GHG Emission Tracking Market – 2020-2030
68.3.1 GHG Emission Tracking Market Size.
68.3.2 GHG Emission Tracking Market Dynamics
68.3.3 GHG Emission Tracking Market Share
69 Grid Modernization Market – 2022-2030.
69.1 CEO Takeaway
69.1.1 Summary
69.1.2 Smart Grid.
69.1.3 Transmission Lines Modernization
69.1.4 Demand Response
69.1.5 Hardening the Grid
69.1.6 Advanced Distribution Management Systems.
69.1.7 Smart Inverters.
69.1.8 Smart Meters
69.1.9 Microgrids..
69.2 Europe Grid Modernization Market – 2020-2030
69.2.1 Grid Modernization Market Size
69.2.2 Grid Modernization Market Dynamics.
69.2.3 Grid Modernization Market Share
70 Other Global Warming Mitigation Markets – 2022-2030
70.1 Other Europe Warming Mitigation Markets – 2020-2030
70.1.1 Other Global Warming Mitigation Markets Size
70.1.2 Other Global Warming Mitigation Markets Dynamics
70.1.3 Other Global Warming Mitigation Markets Share
MARKET BY SECTOR
71 Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market by Sector – 2022-2030.
71.1 Sectors’ Structure
71.2 Market Size
71.3 Market Share
REVENUE SOURCE MARKETS
72 Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market by Revenue Source – 2020-2030
72.1 Europe Market – 2020-2030
72.2 Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market Dynamics – 2020-2030
72.3 Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market Share – 2020-2030.
NATIONAL MARKETS
73 Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market by Country – 2020-2030
73.1 National Markets Size – 2020-2030
73.2 National Markets Dynamics – 2020-2030.
73.3 National Markets Shares – 2020-2030
73.4 National Markets by Revenue Source – 2020-2030
73.4.1 Infrastructure Markets
73.4.2 Product Sales
73.4.3 Maintenance Markets
73.4.4 Upgrades Markets
73.4.5 Other* Revenue Sources
74 Austria Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
74.1 Austria Market CEO Takeaway..
74.2 Austria Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
74.3 Austria Market Dynamics – 2020-2030
74.4 Austria Market Share – 2020-2030
75 Belarus Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
75.1 Belarus Market CEO Takeaway.
75.2 Belarus Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
75.3 Belarus Market Dynamics – 2020-2030..
75.4 Belarus Market Share – 2020-2030
76 Belgium Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
76.1 Belgium Market CEO Takeaway
76.2 Belgium Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
76.3 Belgium Market Dynamics – 2020-2030.
76.4 Belgium Market Share – 2020-2030
77 Bulgaria Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
77.1 Bulgaria Market CEO Takeaway
77.2 Bulgaria Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
77.3 Bulgaria Market Dynamics – 2020-2030.
77.4 Bulgaria Market Share – 2020-2030
78 Czech Republic Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
78.1 Czech Republic Market CEO Takeaway.
78.2 Czech Republic Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
78.3 Czech Republic Market Dynamics – 2020-2030
78.4 Czech Republic Market Share – 2020-2030..
79 Denmark Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
79.1 Denmark Market CEO Takeaway.
79.2 Denmark Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
79.3 Denmark Market Dynamics – 2020-2030
79.4 Denmark Market Share – 2020-2030.
80 Finland Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
80.1 Finland Market CEO Takeaway.
80.2 Finland Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
80.3 Finland Market Dynamics – 2020-2030..
80.4 Finland Market Share – 2020-2030
81 France Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
81.1 France Market CEO Takeaway..
81.2 France Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
81.3 France Market Dynamics – 2020-2030
81.4 France Market Share – 2020-2030
82 Germany Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
82.1 Germany Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
82.2 Germany Market Dynamics – 2020-2030
82.3 Germany Market Share – 2020-2030.
83 Greece Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
83.1 Greece Market CEO Takeaway.
83.2 Greece Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
83.3 Greece Market Dynamics – 2020-2030..
83.4 Greece Market Share – 2020-2030
84 Hungary Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
84.1 Hungary Market CEO Takeaway
84.2 Hungary Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
84.3 Hungary Market Dynamics – 2020-2030.
84.4 Hungary Market Share – 2020-2030
85 Italy Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
85.1 Italy Market CEO Takeaway
85.2 Italy Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
85.3 Italy Market Dynamics – 2020-2030
85.4 Italy Market Share – 2020-2030.
86 Netherlands Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
86.1 Netherlands Market CEO Takeaway
86.2 Netherlands Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
86.3 Netherlands Market Dynamics – 2020-2030.
86.4 Netherlands Market Share – 2020-2030.
87 Norway Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
87.1 Norway Market CEO Takeaway.
87.2 Norway Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
87.3 Norway Market Dynamics – 2020-2030..
87.4 Norway Market Share – 2020-2030
88 Poland Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
88.1 Poland Market CEO Takeaway..
88.2 Poland Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
88.3 Poland Market Dynamics – 2020-2030
88.4 Poland Market Share – 2020-2030
89 Portugal Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
89.1 Portugal Market CEO Takeaway
89.2 Portugal Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
89.3 Portugal Market Dynamics – 2020-2030.
89.4 Portugal Market Share – 2020-2030
90 Romania Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
90.1 Romania Market CEO Takeaway.
90.2 Romania Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
90.3 Romania Market Dynamics – 2020-2030
90.4 Romania Market Share – 2020-2030
91 Russia Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
91.1 Russia Market CEO Takeaway..
91.2 Russia Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
91.3 Russia Market Dynamics – 2020-2030
91.4 Russia Market Share – 2020-2030
92 Serbia Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
92.1 Serbia Market CEO Takeaway
92.2 Serbia Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
92.3 Serbia Market Dynamics – 2020-2030
92.4 Serbia Market Share – 2020-2030
93 Slovakia Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
93.1 Slovakia Market CEO Takeaway
93.2 Slovakia Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
93.3 Slovakia Market Dynamics – 2020-2030.
93.4 Slovakia Market Share – 2020-2030
94 Spain Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
94.1 Spain Market CEO Takeaway
94.2 Spain Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
94.3 Spain Market Dynamics – 2020-2030.
94.4 Spain Market Share – 2020-2030
95 Sweden Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
95.1 Sweden Market CEO Takeaway
95.2 Sweden Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
95.3 Sweden Market Dynamics – 2020-2030.
95.4 Sweden Market Share – 2020-2030
96 Switzerland Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
96.1 Switzerland Market CEO Takeaway
96.2 Switzerland Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
96.3 Switzerland Market Dynamics – 2020-2030..
96.4 Switzerland Market Share – 2020-2030..
97 UK Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
97.1 UK Market CEO Takeaway..
97.2 UK Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
97.3 UK Market Dynamics – 2020-2030
97.4 UK Market Share – 2020-2030..
98 Ukraine Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
98.1 Ukraine Market CEO Takeaway.
98.2 Ukraine Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
98.3 Ukraine Market Dynamics – 2020-2030..
98.4 Ukraine Market Share – 2020-2030
99 Rest of Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030.
99.1 Rest of Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market – 2020-2030
99.2 Rest of Europe Market Dynamics – 2020-2030
99.3 Rest of Europe Market Share – 2020-2030
APPENDICES.
100 Appendix A: Glossary..
101 Appendix B: Abbreviations
102 Research Methodology
102.1 Report Structure.
102.2 Methodology.
102.3 For Whom is this Report?
103 Disclaimer and Copyright
Tables
Table 1 – Electricity Production by Country – 2020……………………….. 58
Table 2 – Energy & Electricity and Per Capita Consumption by Country / Region……………………………………………………………… 59
Table 3 – Renewable vs. Fossil Fuels Heating Efficiency Cost [$ Cent / KWh] – 2020 & 2030 F…………………………………………. 67
Table 4 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market by Technology [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………… 72
Table 5 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market by Sector [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………. 74
Table 6 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market by Revenue [$B] – 2020-2030……………………………………. 75
Table 7 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market by Country [$B] – 2020-2030…………………………………….. 76
Table 8 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Technology Products & Services [$B] Markets – 2022-2030…………. 99
Table 9 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Markets Annual Growth Rates [%] – 2022-2030…………………… 100
Table 10 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Products & Services Markets Shares [%] – 2022-2030……………… 102
Table 11 – Europe Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………… 108
Table 12 – Europe Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………….. 109
Table 13 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market Share [%] – 2022-2030 109
Table 14 – Europe Carbon Capture & Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 115
Table 15 – Europe Carbon Capture & Storage Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 115
Table 16 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Carbon Capture & Storage Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………….. 116
Table 17 – Europe Carbon Capture & Utilization Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 123
Table 18 – Europe Carbon Capture & Utilization Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 124
Table 19 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Carbon Capture & Utilization Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………… 124
Table 20 – Europe Methane Abatement Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 132
Table 21 – Europe Methane Abatement Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 133
Table 22 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Methane Abatement Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 133
Table 23 – Europe Geothermal Power Generation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 141
Table 24 – Europe Geothermal Power Generation Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………… 141
Table 25 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Geothermal Power Generation Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………… 142
Table 26 – Cost (Euro/MWh) of Domestic Heating in France………… 146
Table 27 – Cost (Euro/MW) of District Heating in France……………… 147
Table 28 – Europe Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………….. 147
Table 29 – Europe Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………….. 148
Table 30 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…….. 148
Table 31 – Europe Marine Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……. 154
Table 32 – Europe Marine Power Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030 154
Table 33 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Marine Power Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 155
Table 34 – Europe Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 162
Table 35 – Europe Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 163
Table 36 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 163
Table 37 – Europe Rooftop Solar PV Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030.. 166
Table 38 – Europe Rooftop Solar PV Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030 167
Table 39 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Rooftop Solar PV Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 167
Table 40 – Europe Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 172
Table 41 – Europe Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………… 173
Table 42 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………. 173
Table 43 – Europe Hydroelectric Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 179
Table 44 – Europe Hydroelectric Power Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 179
Table 45 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Hydroelectric Power Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 180
Table 46 – Europe Small Nuclear Reactors Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 184
Table 47 – Europe Small Nuclear Reactors Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 184
Table 48 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Small Nuclear Reactors Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 185
Table 49 – Europe Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 189
Table 50 – Europe Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………… 189
Table 51 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………….. 190
Table 52 – Europe Waste to Energy Plants Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 194
Table 53 – Europe Waste to Energy Plants Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 194
Table 54 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Waste to Energy Plants Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 195
Table 55 – Europe Offshore Wind Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 204
Table 56 – Europe Offshore Wind Power Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 205
Table 57 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Offshore Wind Power Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 205
Table 58 – Europe Onshore Wind Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 210
Table 59 – Europe Onshore Wind Power Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 210
Table 60 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Onshore Wind Power Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 211
Table 61 – Energy Production from Solid Biofuels and Renewable Waste (MW) by Ten Leading Countries………………….. 214
Table 62 – Europe Bioenergy Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030…………. 226
Table 63 – Europe Bioenergy Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030….. 226
Table 64 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Bioenergy Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………… 226
Table 65 – Europe Other Renewable Energy Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 227
Table 66 – Europe Other Renewable Energy Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 227
Table 67 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Other Renewable Energy Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………… 228
Table 68 – Europe Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 235
Table 69 – Europe Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 236
Table 70 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………….. 236
Table 71 – Europe Thermal Energy Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 242
Table 72 – Europe Thermal Energy Storage Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 242
Table 73 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Thermal Energy Storage Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 243
Table 74 – Europe Compressed-Air Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 247
Table 75 – Europe Compressed-Air Storage Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 248
Table 76 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Compressed-Air Storage Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 248
Table 77 – Europe Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 254
Table 78 – Europe Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 255
Table 79 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………….. 255
Table 80 – Europe Other Energy Storage Modalities Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 256
Table 81 – Europe Other Energy Storage Modalities Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………… 256
Table 82 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Other Energy Storage Modalities Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………….. 257
Table 83 – Europe Green Cement Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030…… 264
Table 84 – Europe Green Cement Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030 264
Table 85 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Green Cement Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 265
Table 86 – Europe Green Steel Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………. 269
Table 87 – Europe Green Steel Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030… 270
Table 88 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Green Steel Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 270
Table 89 – Cost Assumptions Under 2 Innovation Scenarios…………. 272
Table 90 – Europe Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………….. 277
Table 91 – Europe Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………….. 278
Table 92 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…. 278
Table 93 – Europe Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………… 285
Table 94 – Europe Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………….. 285
Table 95 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 286
Table 96 – Europe Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………. 291
Table 97 – Europe Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………… 292
Table 98 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market Share [%] – 2022-2030.. 292
Table 99 – Europe Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 302
Table 100 – Europe Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 302
Table 101 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………. 302
Table 102 – Europe Direct Solar Water Heating Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 307
Table 103 – Europe Direct Solar Water Heating Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 308
Table 104 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Direct Solar Water Heating Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………… 308
Table 105 – Europe Passenger BEV Cars Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 319
Table 106 – Europe Passenger BEV Cars Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 320
Table 107 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Passenger BEV Cars Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 320
Table 108 – Europe Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 322
Table 109 – Europe Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 323
Table 110 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………… 323
Table 111 – Europe Freight BEVs Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030…… 326
Table 112 – Europe Freight BEVs Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030 327
Table 113 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Freight BEVs Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 327
Table 114 – Europe Electric Buses Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030….. 333
Table 115 – Europe Electric Buses Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030 333
Table 116 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Electric Buses Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 333
Table 117 – Europe Other BEVs Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030…….. 341
Table 118 – Europe Other BEVs Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030. 342
Table 119 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Other BEVs Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 342
Table 120 – Europe EV Charging Systems Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 351
Table 121 – Europe EV Charging Systems Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 352
Table 122 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, EV Charging Systems Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 352
Table 123 – Europe Hydrogen Vehicles Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 361
Table 124 – Europe Hydrogen Vehicles Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 362
Table 125 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Hydrogen Vehicles Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 362
Table 126 – Electrolyzer Technologies Comparison……………………. 363
Table 127 – Hydrogen Color Codes of Hydrogen Manufacturing……. 366
Table 128 – Types of Electrolysers………………………………………….. 367
Table 129 – Europe Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 368
Table 130 – Europe Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 368
Table 131 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 369
Table 132 – Europe Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 374
Table 133 – Europe Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………… 374
Table 134 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………… 375
Table 135 – Color Codes by Hydrogen Manufacturing Process……… 378
Table 136 – Comparative Table for Fossil Derived Hydrogen Production Pathways………………………………………………………… 380
Table 137 – Europe Green Hydrogen Production Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 383
Table 138 – Europe Green Hydrogen Production Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 384
Table 139 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Green Hydrogen Production Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………. 384
Table 140 – Europe Precision Agriculture Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 392
Table 141 – Europe Precision Agriculture Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 392
Table 142 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Precision Agriculture Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 393
Table 143 – Europe Regenerative Agriculture Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 397
Table 144 – Europe Regenerative Agriculture Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 398
Table 145 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Regenerative Agriculture Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………. 398
Table 146 – Europe Climate Adapted Agriculture Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 406
Table 147 – Europe Climate Adapted Agriculture Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 406
Table 148 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Climate Adapted Agriculture Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………. 407
Table 149 – Europe Reforestation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030…… 417
Table 150 – Europe Reforestation Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030 418
Table 151 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Reforestation Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 418
Table 152 – Europe Bioremediation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030… 427
Table 153 – Europe Bioremediation Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030 427
Table 154 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Bioremediation Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 427
Table 155 – Europe Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………….. 444
Table 156 – Europe Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………….. 444
Table 157 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………… 445
Table 158 – Europe Water Redeemable Systems Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 452
Table 159 – Europe Water Redeemable Systems Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………… 452
Table 160 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Water Redeemable Systems Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………. 453
Table 161 – Europe Desalination Plants Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 464
Table 162 – Europe Desalination Plants Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 465
Table 163 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Desalination Plants Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 465
Table 164 – Europe Precision Irrigation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 469
Table 165 – Europe Precision Irrigation Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 470
Table 166 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Precision Irrigation Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 470
Table 167 – Europe Passive Green Buildings Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 475
Table 168 – Europe Passive Green Buildings Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 476
Table 169 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Passive Green Buildings Market Share [%] – 2022-2030………………… 476
Table 170 – Europe Floods Control Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030…. 482
Table 171 – Europe Floods Control Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030 483
Table 172 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Floods Control Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 483
Table 173 – Europe Wildfire Mitigation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 486
Table 174 – Europe Wildfire Mitigation Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 487
Table 175 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Wildfire Mitigation Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 487
Table 176 – Europe Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………. 491
Table 177 – Europe Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………… 492
Table 178 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market Share [%] – 2022-2030 492
Table 179 – Europe Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………… 501
Table 180 – Europe Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………….. 502
Table 181 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market Share [%] – 2022-2030 502
Table 182 – Europe Big Data & AI Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030…… 506
Table 183 – Europe Big Data & AI Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030 507
Table 184 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Big Data & AI Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 507
Table 185 – Europe Cybersecurity Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030….. 512
Table 186 – Europe Cybersecurity Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030 512
Table 187 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Cybersecurity Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………….. 512
Table 188 – Europe ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 515
Table 189 – Europe ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………… 516
Table 190 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………… 516
Table 191 – Europe GHG Emission Tracking Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 523
Table 192 – Europe GHG Emission Tracking Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 525
Table 193 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, GHG Emission Tracking Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…………………. 525
Table 194 – Europe Grid Modernization Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 533
Table 195 – Europe Grid Modernization Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 534
Table 196 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Grid Modernization Market Share [%] – 2022-2030……………………………… 534
Table 197 –Other Europe Warming Mitigation Markets Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 535
Table 198 – Europe Other Europe Warming Mitigation Markets Market Dynamics [%] – 2022-2030………………………………….. 536
Table 199 – Europe Warming Mitigation Market, Other Europe Warming Mitigation Markets Market Share [%] – 2022-2030…….. 536
Table 200 – Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market by Sector [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………. 539
Table 201 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market Size [$M] by Revenue Source – 2020-2030…………….. 543
Table 202 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market AGRs [%] by Revenue Source – 2020-2030……………. 544
Table 203 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Technologies Market Size [$B] By Country – 2020-2030 546
Table 204 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market AGRs [%] By Country – 2020-2030……………………….. 547
Table 205 – National Market Shares of the Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market [%] – 2020-2030………. 549
Table 206 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Infrastructure Markets Size [$B] By Country – 2020-2030 552
Table 207 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Products Sales [$B] By Country – 2020-2030………………………. 554
Table 208 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Maintenance Markets Size [$B] By Country – 2020-2030 555
Table 209 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Upgrades Markets Size [$B] By Country – 2020-2030…………….. 557
Table 210 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Other* Revenue Sources [$B] By Country – 2020-2030………. 559
Figures
Figure 1 – COP26 Pledges & Targets Based GHG Emission [GTn] Forecast to 2030………………………………………………… 56
Figure 2 – Europe Warming 2010-2020 by GHG Source………………… 57
Figure 3 – Renewable Energy Generation By Technology & By User.. 59
Figure 4 – Greenhouse Gas Emissions [%] by Sector……………………. 60
Figure 5 – Climate Change Causes and Effects…………………………… 61
Figure 6- Europe Energy demand (left) & GHS Emission (Right) By Sector – 2020…………………………………………………….. 62
Figure 7 – GHG Emission per GWh of Energy Production – 2020…….. 63
Figure 8 – Average USA Levelized cost [$/MWh] of Electricity By Energy Technology – 2020……………………………………. 63
Figure 9 – Renewable Electricity Generation by Technology and Region 64
Figure 10 – Europe Electricity Consumption by Energy Source – 1985-2020………………………………………………………………… 64
Figure 11 – Levelized Cost [$/MWh] of Energy, by Source – 2008-2020 64
Figure 12 – Renewable, Nuclear & Fossil Energy Prices [$/MWh] & Installed Capacity – 2010-2019……………………………… 65
Figure 13 – Europe Warming vs. Number of Climate-Related Disasters – 1970-2032…………………………………………………………. 67
Figure 14 – Energy Storage: Duration Time and Rated Power by Modality……………………………………………………………. 67
Figure 15 – Renewable Generation Capacity By Region………………… 68
Figure 16- Leading Renewable Energy Capacity [GW] by Country – 2020………………………………………………………………… 68
Figure 17 – Negative Emissions Role in Achieving NetZero……………. 68
Figure 18 – Europe GHG Emission Reduction [%] by Technology – 2030 73
Figure 19 – Europe Electricity Generation [000 TWh] by Source – 2010- 2040………………………………………………………………… 75
Figure 20 – Bioenergy with Carbon Capture & Sequestration………… 112
Figure 21 – Microalgae Based Biological Carbon Capture……………. 112
Figure 22- Marine Bacteria Carbon Sequestration……………………… 113
Figure 23 – Microalgae Carbon Biological Capture & Utilization Footprint 114
Figure 24 – Europe Biological Carbon Capture & Sequestration Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………… 117
Figure 25 – The CCS Process………………………………………………… 118
Figure 26 – Carbon Capture and Storage Value Chain………………… 118
Figure 27 – Europe Carbon Capture & Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 123
Figure 28 – CCU Applications Roadmap…………………………………… 125
Figure 29 – Carbon Capture & Utilization and Removal Cycle………. 126
Figure 30 – Carbon Capture & Utilization Removal Pathways……….. 126
Figure 31 – CCU Potential and Cost Of Various Sub-Pathways Outlook – 2050………………………………………………………………. 128
Figure 32 – Europe Carbon Capture & Utilization Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 132
Figure 33 – Ultra Emitting Methane Events 2019-2020………………… 133
Figure 34 – Methane Emission Sources (Left) & 1990-2050 Emissions (Right)…………………………………………………………….. 134
Figure 35 – 2020-2030 Human Caused Methane Emissions and Identified Mitigation Potential by Sectors………………… 135
Figure 36 – Emissions Abatement and Negative Emissions Infrastructure……………………………………………………. 138
Figure 37 – Europe GHG Abatement Cost Beyond BAU- 2030………. 139
Figure 38 – Europe Methane Abatement Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 140
Figure 39 – Europe Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Geothermal vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021…………………………………………………………. 142
Figure 40 – Geothermal Electricity Generation Technologies……… 143
Figure 41 – Europe LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020 143
Figure 42 – Enhanced Geothermal Systems……………………………… 144
Figure 43 – Geothermal Power Generation……………………………….. 145
Figure 44 – Map of 64 EGS Projects Around the World – 2020………. 147
Figure 45 – Europe Geothermal Power Generation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 149
Figure 46 – Applications of Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy… 152
Figure 47 – Closed (Left) & Open (Right) loop Geothermal Heat Pumps 153
Figure 48 – EU Areas Suitable for Geothermal Networks & Actual Geothermal Installed Capacity……………………………… 154
Figure 49 – Europe Direct Geothermal Heating & Cooling Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………….. 155
Figure 50 – Europe LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020 157
Figure 51 – Ocean thermal energy Conversion System (Right) and Oscillating Water Column System (Left)…………………. 158
Figure 52 – Wave Power System……………………………………………. 161
Figure 53 – Europe Marine Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030…… 162
Figure 54 – Installed Base of Solar PV by Country……………………… 164
Figure 55 – Europe Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Solar PV vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021………………………………………………………………. 165
Figure 56 – Europe LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020 166
Figure 57 – Ground Mounted Solar PV System………………………….. 167
Figure 58 -The DOE Solar PV Deployment [GW] Outlook 2020-2050 168
Figure 59 – Europe Solar PV (Utility Scale) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 170
Figure 60 – Europe Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Rooftop Solar vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021…………………………………………………………. 172
Figure 61 – Europe Rooftop Solar PV Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030. 175
Figure 62 – Europe Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Concentrating Solar Power vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021………………………………….. 176
Figure 63 – Concentrating Solar Power System Layout and Costs…. 177
Figure 64 – Europe LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020 178
Figure 65 – Europe Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………… 180
Figure 66 – Hydropower Installed Capacity by Country………………… 182
Figure 67 – Europe Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Hydropower vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021…………………………………………………………. 183
Figure 68 – Europe LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020 183
Figure 69 – Hydropower Generation [TW h] by Region -1965-2020… 184
Figure 70- A Hydropower Plant………………………………………………. 186
Figure 71 – Europe Hydroelectric Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 187
Figure 72 – Europe Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Small Nuclear Reactors vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021……………………………………………. 189
Figure 73 – Europe LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020 190
Figure 74 – Europe Small Nuclear Reactors Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 192
Figure 75 – Europe Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Nuclear Energy Plants vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021……………………………………………. 194
Figure 76 – Europe LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020 195
Figure 77 – Europe Nuclear Energy Plants > 1 GW Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 197
Figure 78 – Waste Management Process…………………………………. 199
Figure 79 – UN Projection of the Europe Waste [M Ton/Annum] Quantity – 1950-2050…………………………………………………….. 200
Figure 80 – Europe Waste to Energy Plants Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 202
Figure 81 – Europe Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Offshore Wind vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021…………………………………………………………. 204
Figure 82 – Wind Turbine Power and Size 1985-2030…………………. 205
Figure 83 – Europe LCOEs from Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020 205
Figure 84 – U.S. DOE Offshore Wind Energy 2030 Goals…………….. 208
Figure 85- Europe Installed Base Power [MW] of Offshore Wind Power to 2020……………………………………………………………. 208
Figure 86 – Annual 2001-2021 Additional Offshore Wind Installed Capacity [GW] China vs. the Rest of World……………… 209
Figure 87 – Europe Offshore Wind Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 213
Figure 88 – Onshore Wind Turbines LCOE, Size, Capacity & Impacts – 2030………………………………………………………………. 214
Figure 89 – Europe Average Levelized Cost of Energy Generation [$/MWh] Onshore Wind Power vs. Other Electric Power Sources – Q-4 2021……………………………………………. 215
Figure 90 – Europe LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020 215
Figure 91 – Europe Onshore Wind Power Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 218
Figure 92 – Europe LCOEs From Newly Commissioned, Utility-Scale Renewable Power Generation Technologies, 2010-2020 221
Figure 93 – Bioenergy Thermo-Chemical Process………………………. 224
Figure 94 – Bioenergy Bio-Chemical Process…………………………….. 225
Figure 95 – Europe Bioenergy Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……….. 234
Figure 96 – Europe Other Renewable Energy Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 235
Figure 97 – System Power Rating and Discharge Times of Energy Storage Technologies………………………………………… 237
Figure 98 – Grid Battery Storage Infrastructure………………………….. 238
Figure 99 – Next Generation Battery Storage Goals…………………… 239
Figure 100 – Grid-Scale Battery Storage System……………………….. 239
Figure 101 – Europe Grid-Scale Battery Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 244
Figure 102 – System Power Rating and Discharge Times Of Energy Storage Technologies………………………………………… 245
Figure 103 – Thermal Energy Storage (TES) System Layout………… 246
Figure 104 – Residential Thermal Energy Storage……………………… 247
Figure 105 – Europe Thermal Energy Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 250
Figure 106 – System Power Rating and Discharge Times of Energy Storage Technologies………………………………………… 252
Figure 107 – Compressed-Air Energy Storage System………………… 253
Figure 108 – A Small Scale Compressed Air Storage System……….. 253
Figure 109 – Europe Compressed-Air Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 255
Figure 110 – Pumped Storage Hydropower Site…………………………. 257
Figure 111 – Pumped Hydro Energy Storage, Power Rating and Discharge Times Vs. Other Energy Storage Technologies 258
Figure 112 – Pumped Hydro Energy Storage System Layout………… 259
Figure 113 – Europe Hydroelectric Energy Storage Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 262
Figure 114 – Europe Other Energy Storage Modalities Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………… 264
Figure 115 – Cement Manufacturing Energy Use and GHG Emissions 266
Figure 116 – Cement Production Outlook by Region – 2020-2050….. 267
Figure 117 – Decarbonization Actions to Net-Zero Cement & Concrete Industry…………………………………………………………… 268
Figure 118 – Cement Demand Forecast per Region – 2020-2060…… 269
Figure 119 – Low Carbon Levels Across the Lifecycle of Cement…… 271
Figure 120 – Europe Green Cement Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030… 272
Figure 121 – Green Steel Production Using CCS & CCU……………… 274
Figure 122 – Crude Steel Production Market Share [%] by country 2020 274
Figure 123 – Green Steel Manufacturing Process……………………….. 275
Figure 124 – Means and Methods to Reduce Carbon in the Steel Industry…………………………………………………………… 276
Figure 125 – Europe Green Steel Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……. 277
Figure 126 – Distribution of Synthetic Fuels and Advanced Biofuels Costs……………………………………………………………… 279
Figure 127 – Impact of Innovation on the Energy System……………… 282
Figure 128 – Simplified Value Chain for Low Carbon Fuels…………… 283
Figure 129 – GVA and Jobs in the Low Carbon Fuels Industry to 2050 284
Figure 130 – Europe Low Carbon Fuels Manufacturing Plants Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………… 285
Figure 131 – Performance Standards For residential AC and Heat Pumps……………………………………………………………. 289
Figure 132 – Thermoelectric Effect………………………………………….. 290
Figure 133 – Magtor Linear Motor Oscillator Drive………………………. 292
Figure 134 – Europe Energy-Efficient Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (ACR) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………… 293
Figure 135 – Energy Consumption By End-Use (Excludes Transport, Energy Losses in Production or Transmission And Non-Motive Power Industrial Energy Uses)……………………. 297
Figure 136 – Europe Energy-Efficient Electric Appliances (w/o ACR) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………. 299
Figure 137 – Air Source Heat Pump: Winter & Summer Operation…. 301
Figure 138 – Air Source Heat Pump, Heating Cycle…………………….. 302
Figure 139 – Air to Air Heat Pump…………………………………………… 303
Figure 140 – Air to Water Heat Pump………………………………………. 304
Figure 141 – Performance Standards For residential AC and Heat Pumps……………………………………………………………. 309
Figure 142 – Europe Air Sourced Heat Pumps Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 310
Figure 143 – Residential Direct Solar Water Heating System………… 311
Figure 144 – Total Installed Solar Heating Area by Region – 2020….. 312
Figure 145 – Direct Solar Water Heating System Elements…………… 312
Figure 146 – Direct Solar Heating Capacity [KW/1000 citizens] in 10 Leading Countries – 2020……………………………………. 313
Figure 147 – Europe Solar Thermal Capacity [TWh] and Energy [TWh] – 2000-2022……………………………………………………….. 314
Figure 148 – Distribution of Solar Thermal Systems for Newly Installed Water Collector by Region – 2020…………………………. 314
Figure 149 – Europe Direct Solar Water Heating Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 315
Figure 150 – Europe Passenger Cars Sales [Million/ Annum] by Technology – 2018-2035…………………………………….. 317
Figure 151 – 100% Phase Out of ICE Countries…………………………. 319
Figure 152 – EVs vs. Renewables vs. Electrification Timeline – 2020-2050………………………………………………………………. 320
Figure 153 – EPA Rang [Mile] for 2020-Model Battery Passenger EV 322
Figure 154 – US Passengers BEV & Plug-in Sales [Units] – 2015-2025 323
Figure 155 – Electric Cars vs. ICE Car Materials by % of the Total Weight …………………………………………………………… 325
Figure 156 – Europe Passenger BEV Cars Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 327
Figure 157 – Three E-Wheelers……………………………………………… 329
Figure 158 – Europe Two & Three-Wheeler BEVs Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 330
Figure 159 – Europe Freight BEVs Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030….. 334
Figure 160 – E-Bus Charging Technologies………………………………. 336
Figure 161 – Enabling E-Bus Adoption Factors………………………….. 339
Figure 162 – Europe Electric Buses Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030… 341
Figure 163 – BNSF Battery-Electric Locomotive…………………………. 342
Figure 164 – Airbus’ E-Fan Electric Plane…………………………………. 345
Figure 165 – A Cut Away View of the HE HMMWV……………………… 346
Figure 166 – A cut-away view of the HEMITT…………………………….. 347
Figure 167 – Europe Other BEVs Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……. 349
Figure 168 – Electric Passengers vs. Plug in Chargers………………… 352
Figure 169 – Charging Times to Provide 100 km of Passenger EV Vehicle Driving…………………………………………………. 353
Figure 170 – US Passengers EV Charging Infrastructure – 2015-2040 354
Figure 171 – Europe EV Charging Systems Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 359
Figure 172 – Fuel Cell Passenger Vehicle Elements……………………. 361
Figure 173 – Hydrogen Pickup Truck……………………………………….. 361
Figure 174 – Hydrogen Truck Layout……………………………………….. 362
Figure 175 – Toyota Hydrogen Truck……………………………………….. 362
Figure 176 – EV Truck vs. Hydrogen Long Haul Truck Performance Outlook 2025 & 2030…………………………………………. 363
Figure 177 – Yamaha Motor Hydrogen Engine Prototype – 2021……. 364
Figure 178 – Yamaha Hydrogen Engine…………………………………… 365
Figure 179 – Total Cost of Ownership of SUVs in the US, 2030…….. 367
Figure 180 – Europe Hydrogen Vehicles Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 369
Figure 181 – Hydrogen Electrolyzer Electro-Chemistry………………… 372
Figure 182 – Description of Several Electrolysers Source: K. Malladi Et.Al…………………………………………………….. 372
Figure 183 – Electrolyzer Manufacturing [GW] Capacity 2021-2024… 374
Figure 184 – Future Hydrogen Economy Infrastructure………………… 375
Figure 185 – Europe Hydrogen Electrolyzers Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 376
Figure 186 – Honda Home Filling Station………………………………….. 378
Figure 187 -Transport Fuel Hydrogen Production Routes…………….. 379
Figure 188 – Hydrogen Fueling System Architecture…………………… 380
Figure 189 – Hydrogen Fueling Station…………………………………….. 380
Figure 190 – Hydrogen Fueling HySTAT…………………………………… 381
Figure 191 – Europe Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 382
Figure 192 – Hydrogen Consumption [M. Ton/Annum] by Country – 2020 384
Figure 193 – Green Hydrogen Value Chain………………………………. 385
Figure 194 – Future “Hydrogen Economy” Infrastructure………………. 390
Figure 195 – Europe Green Hydrogen Production Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 391
Figure 196 – Components of a Precision Agriculture System………… 393
Figure 197 – Precision Agriculture Technologies……………………….. 394
Figure 198 – Precision Agriculture Stakeholders………………………… 395
Figure 199 – Europe Precision Agriculture Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 400
Figure 200 – Europe Regenerative Agriculture Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 405
Figure 201 – Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture ………….. 407
Figure 202 – Agriculture GHG Emissions………………………………….. 408
Figure 203 – The EU 2030 Targets for Substantial Food Production.. 409
Figure 204 – The Main Greenhouse Gas Emission Sources, Removals and Processes In Managed Ecosystems………………… 410
Figure 205 – Europe Climate Adapted Agriculture Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 414
Figure 206 – Annual Loss of Forest Cover – 2000-2020………………. 417
Figure 207 – Forest Transition Model………………………………………. 418
Figure 208 – Europe Reforestation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030….. 425
Figure 209 – Bioremediation Strategies……………………………………. 427
Figure 210 – Operation of Bio Slurping…………………………………….. 428
Figure 211 – Permeable Reactive Barriers………………………………… 429
Figure 212 – Bioventing System……………………………………………… 429
Figure 213 – Typical Biosparging System…………………………………. 430
Figure 214 – Europe Bioremediation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030.. 435
Figure 215 – Europe Water Stress Map……………………………………. 437
Figure 216 – Global Water Extraction and Consumption by End User– 1900-2025……………………………………………………….. 439
Figure 217 – Water Supply Adaptation Strategy…………………………. 440
Figure 218 – Potential Drought Adaptation Measures………………….. 442
Figure 219 –Europe Urban Population Facing Water Scarcity 2019-2050………………………………………………………………. 443
Figure 220 – Climate Change Impact on Water Supply………………… 444
Figure 221 – Adapting Water Management to Climate Change……… 445
Figure 222 – Metrices for Decision Making ………………………………. 446
Figure 223 – Europe Climate Adapted Water Infrastructure Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………….. 452
Figure 224 – Recycled Water Infrastructure………………………………. 454
Figure 225 – Overview of Integrated Regional Water Management Planning and Climate Change……………………………… 455
Figure 226 – Sewage Treatment Infrastructure Elements……………… 456
Figure 227 – A Sewage Treatment Plant…………………………………… 458
Figure 228 – Europe Water Redeemable Systems Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 460
Figure 229 – Desalination Capacity By [%] by Region – 2020………… 463
Figure 230 – Reverse Osmosis Process…………………………………… 464
Figure 231 – Reverse Osmosis Desalination Process………………….. 465
Figure 232 – Europe Desalination Plants Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 472
Figure 233 – Precision Irrigation System…………………………………… 474
Figure 234 – Europe Precision Irrigation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 477
Figure 235 – Passive House Design………………………………………… 479
Figure 236 – GHG Abatement for The Building Sector…………………. 483
Figure 237 – Europe Passive Green Buildings Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 483
Figure 238 – An Integrated Flood Protection……………………………… 485
Figure 239 – Storm Surge Flooding…………………………………………. 486
Figure 240 – Provisional Flood Barriers……………………………………. 487
Figure 241 – Tidal Flood Barrier……………………………………………… 488
Figure 242 – Europe Floods Control Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030… 490
Figure 243 – The U.S. Wildfires Facts……………………………………… 493
Figure 244 – Europe Wildfire Mitigation Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 494
Figure 245 – Europe Weather Monitoring, Modeling & Forecasting Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………. 499
Figure 246 – Sweden Public Alarm Infrastructure Evolution………….. 501
Figure 247 – The UN Risk Based Public Warning Evolution -1960-2020 502
Figure 248 – Public Warning System Architecture………………………. 503
Figure 249 – The Israeli Public (Location Based) Alarm System Poster 504
Figure 250 – Mobile Alarm System………………………………………….. 506
Figure 251 – Cell Broadcast…………………………………………………… 507
Figure 252 – Geo Fenced Alarm System………………………………….. 508
Figure 253 – Fixed WIFI Alarm System…………………………………….. 509
Figure 254 – Europe Extreme Weather Public Warning Systems Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………… 509
Figure 255 – Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning………. 511
Figure 256 – Types of Big Data Analytics………………………………….. 512
Figure 257 – Data Mining Process…………………………………………… 512
Figure 258 – Europe Big Data & AI Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030….. 514
Figure 259 – Electricity Distribution Infrastructure……………………….. 516
Figure 260 – Power Grids Cybersecurity Infrastructure………………… 517
Figure 261 – Europe Cybersecurity Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030…. 520
Figure 262 – Europe ICT (w/o Cyber, AI, Big Data) Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 523
Figure 263 – Greenhouse Gas Emissions [%] By Sector……………… 525
Figure 264 – GHG Emission Tracking Technologies……………………. 526
Figure 265 – CO2 Emissions [GTn] by Geography – 1960-2020…….. 528
Figure 266 – MethaneSAT Performance………………………………….. 530
Figure 267 – Methane Surveillance Technologies. Frequency-Range vs. Resolution……………………………………………………….. 531
Figure 268 – Europe GHG Emission Tracking Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030………………………………………………………………. 532
Figure 269 – Diagram of a Conventional Electric Power System…….. 534
Figure 270 – Modern Grid Architecture ……………………………………. 535
Figure 271 – Climate Change Effects on the Electricity Grid………….. 536
Figure 272 – Smart Grid Architecture……………………………………….. 537
Figure 273 -Smart Grid Priorities……………………………………………. 540
Figure 274 – Europe Grid Modernization Market Size [$B] – 2022-2030 541
Figure 275 – Other Europe Warming Mitigation Markets Size [$B] – 2022-2030……………………………………………………….. 543
Figure 276 – Cumulative 2022-2030 Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market by Sector [$T]……………………….. 549
Figure 277 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market Share by Sector [%] – 2022-2030…………………………. 550
Figure 278 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market Size [$M] by Revenue Source – 2020-2030…………….. 552
Figure 279 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market Share [%] by Revenue Source – 2020-2030……………. 553
Figure 280 – Europe Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation Market Share by Country – 2030…………………………………….. 559
Figure 281 – Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Austria 1990-2020 569
Figure 282 – Consumption Trends by Energy Source in Belarus (Mtoe) 571
Figure 283 – Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Belgium 1990-2019 574
Figure 284 – Bulgaria Installed Energy Capacity………………………… 576
Figure 285 – Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Czech Republic 1990-2019……………………………………………………….. 579
Figure 286 – Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Denmark 1990-2019………………………………………………………………. 581
Figure 287 – Electricity Generation by Energy Source, Finland, 2000-2019………………………………………………………………. 585
Figure 288 – France Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source 1990-2019 588
Figure 289 -The German Renewable Energy Use & Reduced Energy Consumption Scenario – 2005-2050………………………. 592
Figure 290 – Germany Electricity Generation per Week 22 – 2021 by Energy Generation Mode……………………………………. 593
Figure 291 – Sources of Large-Scale Energy Capacity [MW] Installed in Greece as of June 2020……………………………………… 596
Figure 292 – Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Hungary 1990-2019 598
Figure 293 – Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Italy 1990-2019. 600
Figure 294 – Distribution of Electricity Generation in the Netherlands in 2020, By Source……………………………………………….. 603
Figure 295 – National Electricity Generation by Energy Source, Norway, in 2019……………………………………………………………. 606
Figure 296 – Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Poland 1990-2019 609
Figure 297 – Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Portugal 1990-2019 612
Figure 298 – Romania Consumption Trends by Energy Source (Mtoe) 614
Figure 299 – Russia Consumption Trends by Energy Source (Mtoe). 616
Figure 300- Serbian Energy Distribution, 2019………………………….. 619
Figure 301 – Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Slovak Republic 1990-2020……………………………………………………….. 621
Figure 302 – Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Spain 1990-2020 623
Figure 303 – Sweden Energy Consumption, 1800-2020………………. 626
Figure 304 – Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Switzerland 1990-2020………………………………………………………………. 629
Figure 305 – The UK Inland Energy Consumption, 1990 and 2020 by Energy Source………………………………………………….. 631
Figure 306 – The UK Electricity Generation, 1990 and 2020 by Energy Source……………………………………………………………. 632
Figure 307 – Solar PV Installed by Quarter in UK……………………….. 632
Figure 308 – Consumption Trends by Energy Source in Ukraine (Mtoe) 634
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