Table of Content

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY INDUSTRY ............................................................... 21
1 Geothermal Energy Industry Value Chain .............................................. 21
1.1 Benefits of Geothermal Energy Industry Value Chain ...................... 21
1.2 Renewable Energy Industry Margin Optimization ............................ 22

2 Business Opportunities & Emerging Technologies .............................. 23

3 Coronavirus Effects on the Geothermal Energy Market ....................... 34
3.1 COVID Impact on Global Energy Demand ....................................... 34
3.1 COVID Impact on Renewable Energy Demand .............................. 35

NATIONAL MARKETS BACKGROUND ........................................................... 37

North America ................................................................................................... 37
4 Canada, Renewable Energy Market Background .................................. 37
4.1 Canada Electric Power Market......................................................... 37
4.2 Canada Wind Power Market ............................................................ 38
4.3 Canada Hydropower & Marine Power Market .................................. 38
4.4 Canada Solar Power Market ............................................................ 39
4.5 Canada Geothermal Energy Market ................................................ 39
4.6 Canada Biomass Energy Market ..................................................... 40
4.7 Canada Energy Storage Market....................................................... 40

5 US, Renewable Energy Market Background .......................................... 42
5.1 US Electric Power Market ................................................................ 42
5.2 US Wind Power Market .................................................................... 43
5.3 US Hydropower & Marine Power Market ......................................... 46
5.4 US Solar Power Market ................................................................... 47
5.5 US Geothermal Energy Market ........................................................ 47
5.6 US Biomass Energy Market ............................................................. 48
5.7 US Energy Storage Market .............................................................. 49

Latin America .................................................................................................... 54
6 Argentina, Renewable Energy Market Background ............................... 54
6.1 Argentina Electric Power Market ...................................................... 54
6.2 Argentina Wind Power Market ......................................................... 55
6.3 Argentina Hydropower & Marine Power Market ............................... 56
6.4 Argentina Solar Power Market ......................................................... 56
6.5 Argentina Geothermal Energy Market.............................................. 56
6.6 Argentina Biomass Energy Market................................................... 57
6.7 Argentina Energy Storage Market .................................................... 57

7 Brazil, Renewable Energy Market Background ...................................... 58
7.1 Brazil Electric Power Market ............................................................ 58
7.2 Brazil Wind Power Market ................................................................ 59
7.3 Brazil Hydropower & Marine Power Market ..................................... 60
7.4 Brazil Solar Power Market ............................................................... 60
7.5 Brazil Geothermal Energy Market .................................................... 61
7.6 Brazil Biomass Energy Market ......................................................... 62
7.7 Brazil Energy Storage Market .......................................................... 63

8 Chile, Renewable Energy Market Background ....................................... 64
8.1 Chile Electric Power Market ............................................................. 64
8.2 Chile Wind Power Market ................................................................ 65
8.3 Chile Hydropower & Marine Power Market ...................................... 65
8.4 Chile Solar Power Market ................................................................ 66
8.5 Chile Geothermal Energy Market ..................................................... 67
8.6 Chile Biomass Energy Market .......................................................... 68
8.7 Chile Energy Storage Market ........................................................... 68

9 Colombia, Renewable Energy Market Background ............................... 70
9.1 Colombia Electric Power Market ...................................................... 70
9.2 Colombia Wind Power Market.......................................................... 71
9.3 Colombia Hydropower & Marine Power Market ............................... 71
9.4 Colombia Solar Power Market ......................................................... 72
9.5 Colombia Geothermal Energy Market .............................................. 72
9.6 Colombia Biomass Energy Market ................................................... 73
9.7 Colombia Energy Storage Market .................................................... 73

10 Ecuador, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................. 74
10.1 Ecuador Electric Power Market ........................................................ 74
10.2 Ecuador Wind Power Market ........................................................... 75
10.3 Ecuador Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................. 75
10.4 Ecuador Solar Power Market ........................................................... 76
10.5 Ecuador Geothermal Energy Market................................................ 76
10.6 Ecuador Biomass Energy Market..................................................... 76
10.7 Ecuador Energy Storage Market ...................................................... 77

11 Mexico, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................... 78
11.1 Mexico Electric Power Market .......................................................... 78
11.2 Mexico Wind Power Market ............................................................. 79
11.3 Mexico Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................... 80
11.4 Mexico Solar Power Market ............................................................. 81
11.5 Mexico Geothermal Energy Market.................................................. 81
11.6 Mexico Biomass Energy Market....................................................... 82
11.7 Mexico Energy Storage Market ........................................................ 83

12 Peru, Renewable Energy Market Background ....................................... 84
12.1 Peru Electric Power Market ............................................................. 84
12.2 Peru Wind Power Market ................................................................. 85
12.3 Peru Hydropower & Marine Power Market ....................................... 85
12.4 Peru Solar Power Market ................................................................. 86
12.5 Peru Geothermal Energy Market ..................................................... 86
12.6 Peru Biomass Energy Market .......................................................... 86
12.7 Peru Energy Storage Market ........................................................... 87

Europe ............................................................................................................... 88
13 Austria, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................... 88
13.1 Austria Electric Power Market .......................................................... 88
13.2 Austria Wind Power Market ............................................................. 88
13.3 Austria Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................... 89
13.4 Austria Solar Power Market ............................................................. 89
13.5 Austria Geothermal Energy Market .................................................. 90
13.6 Austria Biomass Energy Market ....................................................... 90
13.7 Austria Energy Storage Market ........................................................ 91

14 Belgium, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................. 92
14.1 Belgium Electric Power Market ........................................................ 92
14.2 Belgium Wind Power Market ............................................................ 93
14.3 Belgium Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................. 93
14.4 Belgium Solar Power Market............................................................ 93
14.5 Belgium Geothermal Energy Market ................................................ 93
14.6 Belgium Biomass Energy Market ..................................................... 94
14.7 Belgium Energy Storage Market ...................................................... 94

15 Bulgaria, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................. 95
15.1 Bulgaria Electric Power Market ........................................................ 95
15.2 Bulgaria Wind Power Market............................................................ 96
15.3 Bulgaria Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................. 96
15.4 Bulgaria Solar Power Market ........................................................... 97
15.5 Bulgaria Geothermal Energy Market ................................................ 97
15.6 Bulgaria Biomass Energy Market ..................................................... 97
15.7 Bulgaria Energy Storage Market ...................................................... 98

16 Czech Republic, Renewable Energy Market Background ..................... 99
16.1 Czech Republic Electric Power Market ............................................ 99
16.2 Czech Republic Wind Power Market.............................................. 100
16.3 Czech Republic Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................... 100
16.4 Czech Republic Solar Power Market ............................................. 100
16.5 Czech Republic Geothermal Energy Market .................................. 101
16.6 Czech Republic Biomass Energy Market ....................................... 101
16.7 Czech Republic Energy Storage Market ........................................ 102

17 Denmark, Renewable Energy Market Background .............................. 104
17.1 Denmark Electric Power Market..................................................... 104
17.2 Denmark Wind Power Market ........................................................ 104
17.3 Denmark Hydropower & Marine Power Market .............................. 105
17.4 Denmark Solar Power Market ........................................................ 105
17.5 Denmark Geothermal Energy Market ............................................ 105
17.5.1 Denmark Geothermal Energy Market without Greenland .... 105
17.5.2 Greenland............................................................................ 106
17.6 Denmark Biomass Energy Market ................................................. 106
17.7 Denmark Energy Storage Market................................................... 106

18 Finland, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................. 107
18.1 Finland Electric Power Market ....................................................... 107
18.2 Finland Wind Power Market ........................................................... 108
18.3 Finland Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................ 108
18.4 Finland Solar Power Market ........................................................... 108
18.5 Finland Geothermal Energy Market ............................................... 108
18.6 Finland Biomass Energy Market .................................................... 109
18.7 Finland Energy Storage Market ..................................................... 109

19 France, Renewable Energy Market Background .................................. 111
19.1 France Electric Power Market ........................................................ 111
19.2 France Wind Power Market ........................................................... 112
19.3 France Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................. 112
19.4 France Solar Power Market ........................................................... 113
19.5 France Geothermal Energy Market ................................................ 113
19.6 France Biomass Energy Market ..................................................... 114
19.7 France Energy Storage Market ...................................................... 114

20 Germany, Renewable Energy Market Background .............................. 116
20.1 Germany Long Term Renewable Energy Policy ............................ 116
20.2 Germany Electric Power Market .................................................... 117
20.2.1 German Government Energy Strategy ................................ 119
20.3 Germany Wind Power Market ........................................................ 120
20.3.1 Introduction.......................................................................... 120
20.3.2 Onshore wind power............................................................ 120
20.3.3 Offshore wind power............................................................ 121
20.4 Germany Hydropower & Marine Power Market.............................. 122
20.5 Germany Solar Power Market ........................................................ 122
20.6 Germany Geothermal Energy Market ............................................ 124
20.7 Germany Biomass Energy Market ................................................. 125
20.8 Germany Energy Storage Market .................................................. 125

21 Greece, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................. 126
21.1 Greece Electric Power Market ....................................................... 126
21.2 Greece Wind Power Market ........................................................... 126
21.3 Greece Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................ 127
21.4 Greece Solar Power Market ........................................................... 127
21.5 Greece Geothermal Energy Market ............................................... 127
21.6 Greece Biomass Energy Market .................................................... 128
21.7 Greece Energy Storage Market ..................................................... 129

22 Hungary, Renewable Energy Market Background ............................... 130
22.1 Hungary Electric Power Market...................................................... 130
22.2 Hungary Wind Power Market ......................................................... 130
22.3 Hungary Hydropower & Marine Power Market ............................... 130
22.4 Hungary Solar Power Market ......................................................... 131
22.5 Hungary Geothermal Energy Market ............................................. 132
22.6 Hungary Biomass Energy Market .................................................. 132
22.7 Hungary Energy Storage Market.................................................... 133

23 Iceland, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................. 134
23.1 Iceland Electric Power Market........................................................ 134
23.2 Iceland Wind Power Market ........................................................... 134
23.3 Iceland Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................. 135
23.4 Iceland Solar Power Market ........................................................... 135
23.5 Iceland Geothermal Energy Market ............................................... 135
23.6 Iceland Energy Storage Market...................................................... 136

24 Ireland, Renewable Energy Market Background .................................. 137
24.1 Ireland Electric Power Market ........................................................ 137
24.2 Ireland Wind Power Market ............................................................ 139
24.3 Ireland Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................. 140
24.4 Ireland Solar Power Market ........................................................... 140
24.5 Ireland Geothermal Energy Market ................................................ 140
24.6 Ireland Biomass Energy Market ..................................................... 141
24.7 Irland Energy Storage Market ........................................................ 141

25 Italy, Renewable Energy Market Background ...................................... 142
25.1 Italy Electric Power Market ............................................................ 142
25.2 Italy Wind Power Market ................................................................ 143
25.3 Italy Hydropower & Marine Power Market ...................................... 143
25.4 Italy Solar Power Market ................................................................ 144
25.5 Italy Geothermal Energy Market .................................................... 145
25.6 Italy Biomass Energy Market ......................................................... 145
25.7 Italy Energy Storage Market .......................................................... 145

26 Lithuania, Renewable Energy Market Background ............................. 147
26.1 Lithuania Electric Power Market..................................................... 147
26.2 Lithuania Wind Power Market ........................................................ 148
26.3 Lithuania Hydropower & Marine Power Market .............................. 149
26.4 Lithuania Solar Power Market ........................................................ 149
26.5 Lithuania Geothermal Energy Market ............................................ 150
26.6 Lithuania Biomass Energy Market ................................................. 150
26.7 Lithuania Energy Storage Market................................................... 151

27 The Netherlands, Renewable Energy Market Background ................. 152
27.1 Netherlands Electric Power Market ................................................ 152
27.2 Netherlands Wind Power Market ................................................... 153
27.3 Netherlands Hydropower & Marine Power Market ......................... 154
27.4 Netherlands Solar Power Market ................................................... 154
27.5 Netherlands Geothermal Energy Market........................................ 154
27.6 Netherlands Biomass Energy Market............................................. 155
27.7 Netherlands Energy Storage Market .............................................. 155

28 Norway, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................ 157
28.1 Norway Electric Power Market ....................................................... 157
28.2 Norway Wind Power Market .......................................................... 157
28.3 Norway Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................ 158
28.4 Norway Solar Power Market .......................................................... 159
28.5 Norway Geothermal Energy Market ............................................... 159
28.6 Norway Biomass Energy Market .................................................... 160
28.7 Norway Energy Storage Market ..................................................... 160

29 Poland, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................. 161
29.1 Poland Electric Power Market ........................................................ 161
29.2 Poland Wind Power Market ........................................................... 162
29.3 Poland Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................. 162
29.4 Poland Solar Power Market ........................................................... 162
29.5 Poland Geothermal Energy Market ................................................ 163
29.6 Poland Biomass Energy Market ..................................................... 163
29.7 Poland Energy Storage Market ...................................................... 164

30 Portugal, Renewable Energy Market Background ............................... 165
30.1 Portugal Electric Power Market ...................................................... 165
30.2 Portugal Wind Power Market ......................................................... 166
30.3 Portugal Hydropower & Marine Power Market ............................... 166
30.4 Portugal Solar Power Market ......................................................... 167
30.5 Portugal Geothermal Energy Market.............................................. 167
30.6 Portugal Biomass Energy Market................................................... 167
30.7 Portugal Energy Storage Market .................................................... 168

31 Romania, Renewable Energy Market Background .............................. 169
31.1 Romania Electric Power Market ..................................................... 169
31.2 Romania Wind Power Market ........................................................ 170
31.3 Romania Hydropower & Marine Power Market .............................. 170
31.4 Romania Solar Power Market ........................................................ 170
31.5 Romania Geothermal Energy Market............................................. 170
31.6 Romania Biomass Energy Market.................................................. 171
31.7 Romania Energy Storage Market ................................................... 171

32 Russia, Renewable Energy Market Background.................................. 172
32.1 Russia Electric Power Market ........................................................ 172
32.2 Russia Wind Power Market ............................................................ 173
32.3 Russia Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................. 173
32.4 Russia Solar Power Market ........................................................... 174
32.5 Russia Geothermal Energy Market ................................................ 174
32.6 Russia Biomass Energy Market ..................................................... 174
32.7 Russia Energy Storage Market ...................................................... 175

33 Serbia, Renewable Energy Market Background .................................. 176
33.1 Serbia Electric Power Market ......................................................... 176
33.2 Serbia Wind Power Market ............................................................ 176
33.3 Serbia Hydropower & Marine Power Market .................................. 177
33.4 Serbia Solar Power Market ............................................................ 177
33.5 Serbia Geothermal Energy Market................................................. 177
33.6 Serbia Biomass Energy Market...................................................... 178
33.7 Sebia Energy Storage Market ........................................................ 179

34 Slovakia, Renewable Energy Market Background ............................... 180
34.1 Slovakia Electric Power Market...................................................... 180
34.2 Slovakia Wind Power Market ......................................................... 181
34.3 Slovakia Hydropower & Marine Power Market ............................... 181
34.4 Slovakia Solar Power Market ......................................................... 181
34.5 Slovakia Geothermal Energy Market ............................................. 181
34.6 Slovakia Biomass Energy Market .................................................. 182
34.7 Slovakia Energy Storage Market.................................................... 182

35 Slovenia, Renewable Energy Market Background............................... 183
35.1 Slovenia Electric Power Market ..................................................... 183
35.2 Slovenia Wind Power Market ......................................................... 184
35.3 Slovenia Hydropower & Marine Power Market............................... 184
35.4 Slovenia Solar Power Market ......................................................... 185
35.5 Slovenia Geothermal Energy Market ............................................. 185
35.6 Slovenia Biomass Energy Market .................................................. 186
35.7 Slovenia Energy Storage Market ................................................... 186

36 Spain, Renewable Energy Market Background .................................... 188
36.1 Spain Electric Power Market .......................................................... 188
36.2 Spain Wind Power Market ............................................................. 188
36.3 Spain Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................... 189
36.4 Spain Solar Power Market ............................................................. 189
36.5 Spain Geothermal Energy Market .................................................. 189
36.6 Spain Biomass Energy Market ....................................................... 190
36.7 Spain Energy Storage Market ........................................................ 190

37 Sweden, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................ 192
37.1 Sweden Electric Power Market ...................................................... 192
37.2 Sweden Wind Power Market .......................................................... 192
37.3 Sweden Hydropower & Marine Power Market ............................... 193
37.4 Sweden Solar Power Market ......................................................... 193
37.5 Sweden Geothermal Energy Market .............................................. 193
37.6 Sweden Biomass Energy Market ................................................... 195
37.7 Sweden Energy Storage Market .................................................... 195

38 Switzerland, Renewable Energy Market Background ......................... 196
38.1 Switzerland Electric Power Market................................................. 196
38.2 Switzerland Wind Power Market .................................................... 197
38.3 Switzerland Hydropower & Marine Power Market .......................... 197
38.4 Switzerland Solar Power Market .................................................... 197
38.5 Switzerland Geothermal Energy Market ........................................ 198
38.6 Switzerland Biomass Energy Market ............................................. 198
38.7 Switzerland Energy Storage Market............................................... 199

39 The UK, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................. 200
39.1 The UK Electric Power Market ....................................................... 200
39.2 The UK Wind Power Market .......................................................... 201
39.3 The UK Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................ 201
39.4 The UK Solar Power Market .......................................................... 202
39.5 The UK Geothermal Energy Market ............................................... 203
39.6 The UK Biomass Energy Market .................................................... 203
39.7 The UK Energy Storage Market ..................................................... 204

40 Ukraine, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................ 205
40.1 Ukraine Electric Power Market ....................................................... 205
40.2 Ukraine Wind Power Market .......................................................... 206
40.3 Ukraine Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................ 206
40.4 Ukraine Solar Power Market .......................................................... 207
40.5 Ukraine Geothermal Energy Market............................................... 207
40.6 Ukraine Biomass Energy Market.................................................... 207
40.7 Ukraine Energy Storage Market ..................................................... 207

Middle East & Africa ....................................................................................... 208
41 Algeria, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................. 208
41.1 Algeria Electric Power Market ........................................................ 208
41.2 Algeria Wind Power Market ........................................................... 209
41.3 Algeria Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................. 209
41.4 Algeria Solar Power Market ........................................................... 209
41.5 Algeria Geothermal Energy Market ................................................ 209
41.6 Algeria Biomass Energy Market ..................................................... 209
41.7 Algeria Energy Storage Market ...................................................... 210

42 Egypt, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................... 211
42.1 Egypt Electric Power Market .......................................................... 211
42.2 Egypt Wind Power Market ............................................................. 212
42.3 Egypt Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................... 212
42.4 Egypt Solar Power Market ............................................................. 212
42.5 Egypt Geothermal Energy Market .................................................. 213
42.6 Egypt Biomass Energy Market ....................................................... 213
42.7 Egypt Energy Storage Market ........................................................ 213

43 Iran, Renewable Energy Market Background ....................................... 214
43.1 Iran Electric Power Market ............................................................. 214
43.2 Iran Wind Power Market ................................................................ 214
43.3 Iran Hydropower & Marine Power Market. ..................................... 215
43.4 Iran Solar Power Market ................................................................ 215
43.5 Iran Geothermal Energy Market ..................................................... 216
43.6 Iran Biomass Energy Market .......................................................... 216
43.7 Iran Energy Storage Market ........................................................... 216

44 Israel, Renewable Energy Market Background .................................... 217
44.1 Israel Electric Power Market .......................................................... 217
44.2 Israel Wind Power Market .............................................................. 218
44.3 Israel Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................... 218
44.4 Israel Solar Power Market .............................................................. 218
44.5 Israel Geothermal Energy Market .................................................. 219
44.6 Israel Biomass Energy Market ....................................................... 219
44.7 Israel Energy Storage Market ........................................................ 219

45 Kenya, Renewable Energy Market Background................................... 221
45.1 Kenya Electric Power Market ......................................................... 221
45.2 Kenya Wind Power Market ............................................................ 221
45.3 Kenya Hydropower & Marine Power Market .................................. 222
45.4 Kenya Solar Power Market ............................................................ 222
45.5 Kenya Geothermal Energy Market ................................................. 222
45.6 Kenya Biomass Energy Market ...................................................... 223
45.7 Kenya Energy Storage Market ....................................................... 223

46 Nigeria, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................. 224
46.1 Nigeria Electric Power Market ........................................................ 224
46.2 Nigeria Wind Power Market ........................................................... 225
46.3 Nigeria Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................. 225
46.4 Nigeria Solar Power Market ........................................................... 225
46.5 Nigeria Geothermal Energy Market................................................ 226
46.6 Nigeria Biomass Energy Market..................................................... 226
46.7 Nigeria Energy Storage Market ...................................................... 226

47 Saudi Arabia, Renewable Energy Market Background ....................... 227
47.1 Saudi Arabia Electric Power Market............................................... 227
47.2 Saudi Arabia Wind Power Market .................................................. 229
47.3 Saudi Arabia Hydropower & Marine Power Market ........................ 229
47.4 Saudi Arabia Solar Power Market .................................................. 229
47.5 Saudi Arabia Geothermal Energy Market ...................................... 229
47.6 Saudi Arabia Biomass Energy Market ........................................... 230
47.7 Saudi Energy Storage Market ........................................................ 230

48 South Africa, Renewable Energy Market Background ........................ 232
48.1 South Africa Electric Power Market................................................ 232
48.2 South Africa Wind Power Market ................................................... 233
48.3 South Africa Hydropower & Marine Power Market ......................... 233
48.4 South Africa Solar Power Market ................................................... 233
48.5 South Africa Geothermal Energy Market ....................................... 234
48.6 South Africa Biomass Energy Market ............................................ 234
48.7 South Africa Energy Storage Market.............................................. 234

49 Turkey, Renewable Energy Market Background .................................. 236
49.1 Turkey Electric Power Market ........................................................ 236
49.2 Turkey Wind Power Market ............................................................ 237
49.3 Turkey Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................. 237
49.4 Turkey Solar Power Market ........................................................... 238
49.5 Turkey Geothermal Energy Market ................................................ 238
49.6 Turkey Biomass Energy Market ..................................................... 239
49.7 Turkey Energy Storage Market ...................................................... 239

Asia Pacific ...................................................................................................... 240
50 Australia, Renewable Energy Market Background .............................. 240
50.1 Australia Electric Power Market ..................................................... 240
50.2 Australia Wind Power Market ......................................................... 240
50.3 Australia Hydropower & Marine Power Market .............................. 241
50.4 Australia Solar Power Market......................................................... 241
50.5 Australia Geothermal Energy Market ............................................. 241
50.6 Australia Biomass Energy Market .................................................. 242
50.7 Australia Energy Storage Market ................................................... 242

51 China, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................... 243
51.1 China Electric Power Market .......................................................... 243
51.2 China Wind Power Market ............................................................. 245
51.3 China Hydropower & Marine Power Market ................................... 245
51.4 China Solar Power Market ............................................................. 246
51.5 China Geothermal Energy Market.................................................. 247
51.6 China Biomass Energy Market....................................................... 248
51.7 China Energy Storage Market ........................................................ 248

52 India, Renewable Energy Market Background ..................................... 249
52.1 India Electric Power Market ........................................................... 249
52.2 India Wind Power Market ............................................................... 250
52.3 India Hydropower & Marine Power Market .................................... 251
52.4 India Solar Power Market ............................................................... 251
52.5 India Geothermal Energy Market ................................................... 252
52.6 India Biomass Energy Market ........................................................ 252
52.7 India Energy Storage Market ......................................................... 253

53 Indonesia, Renewable Energy Market Background ............................. 254
53.1 Indonesia Electric Power Market.................................................... 254
53.2 Indonesia Wind Power Market ....................................................... 255
53.3 Indonesia Hydropower & Marine Power Market ............................. 255
53.4 Indonesia Solar Power Market ....................................................... 256
53.5 Indonesia Geothermal Energy Market ........................................... 256
53.6 Indonesia Biomass Energy Market ................................................ 257
53.7 Indonesia Energy Storage Market.................................................. 258

54 Japan, Renewable Energy Market Background ................................... 259
54.1 Japan Electric Power Market ......................................................... 259
54.2 Japan Wind Power Market ............................................................. 260
54.3 Japan Hydropower & Marine Power Market .................................. 260
54.4 Japan Solar Power Market ............................................................. 261
54.5 Japan Geothermal Energy Market ................................................. 261
54.6 Japan Biomass Energy Market ...................................................... 262
54.7 Japan Energy Storage Market ....................................................... 262

55 New Zealand, Renewable Energy Market Background ....................... 264
55.1 New Zealand Electric Power Market .............................................. 264
55.2 New Zealand Wind Power Market.................................................. 264
55.3 New Zealand Hydropower & Marine Power Market ....................... 265
55.4 New Zealand Solar Power Market ................................................. 265
55.5 New Zealand Geothermal Energy Market ...................................... 265
55.6 New Zealand Biomass Energy Market ........................................... 266
55.7 New Zealand Energy Storage Market ............................................ 266

56 Philippines, Renewable Energy Market Background .......................... 268
56.1 Philippines Electric Power Market .................................................. 268
56.2 Philippines Wind Power Market ..................................................... 269
56.3 Philippines Hydropower & Marine Power Market ........................... 269
56.4 Philippines Solar Energy Market .................................................... 269
56.5 Philippines Geothermal Energy Market.......................................... 269
56.6 Philippines Biomass Energy Market............................................... 270
56.7 Philippines Energy Storage Market ................................................ 270

57 South Korea, Renewable Energy Market Background ........................ 271
57.1 South Korea Electric Power Market ............................................... 271
57.2 South Korea Wind Power Market ................................................... 272
57.3 South Korea Hydropower & Marine Power Market ........................ 272
57.4 South Korea Solar Power Market................................................... 272
57.5 South Korea Geothermal Energy Market ....................................... 273
57.6 South Korea Biomass Energy Market ............................................ 273
57.7 South Korea Energy Storage Market ............................................. 274

58 Thailand, Renewable Energy Market Background ............................... 275
58.1 Thailand Electric Power Market ..................................................... 275
58.2 Thailand Wind Power Market ......................................................... 276
58.3 Thailand Hydropower & Marine Power Market............................... 276
58.4 Thailand Solar Power Market ......................................................... 276
58.5 Thailand Geothermal Energy Market ............................................. 277
58.6 Thailand Biomass Energy Market .................................................. 277
58.7 Thailand Energy Storage Market ................................................... 277

59 Vietnam, Renewable Energy Market Background ............................... 279
59.1 Vietnam Electric Power Market ...................................................... 279
59.2 Vietnam Wind Power Market.......................................................... 279
59.3 Vietnam Hydropower & Marine Power Market ............................... 280
59.4 Vietnam Solar Power Market ......................................................... 280
59.5 Vietnam Geothermal Energy Market .............................................. 281
59.6 Vietnam Biomass Energy Market ................................................... 281
59.7 Vietnam Energy Storage Market .................................................... 281

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY MARKET BACKGROUND ..................................... 283

60 Economical & Political Aspects Climate Change Mitigation .............. 283

61 Effects on the Energy Multinationals .................................................... 286
61.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 286
61.2 Carbon Pricing ............................................................................... 287
61.3 The North Sea Transition Deal....................................................... 290
61.4 Regulatory and Policy Trends in the U.S. Oil and Gas Sector ............................................................................................ 290
61.5 Storage Investment Tax Credit ...................................................... 292
61.6 Additional Funding for Utility-Scale Energy Storage ...................... 293

62 Global Investments in Electric Grids .................................................... 295
62.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 295
62.2 Challenge to Grid Modernization.................................................... 296
62.3 Four-Step Approach Grid Modernization Requirements. ............... 298
62.3.1 Priorities .............................................................................. 298
62.3.2 Foundational Investments ................................................... 299
62.3.3 Physical-Device Investments............................................... 299
62.3.4 The Plan’s Value ................................................................. 300
62.4 Implications for Utilities .................................................................. 300

63 The Biden Administration Green Infrastructure Budget ..................... 304
63.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 304
63.2 Energy Efficiency ........................................................................... 306
63.3 Renewable Power .......................................................................... 306
63.4 Sustainable Transportation ............................................................ 307

64 Global Warming Mitigation Investments by The Private Sector ...................................................................................................... 308
64.1 Private Sector Warming Mitigation: Global Investments Size ........ 308
64.2 Traded Renewable Energy Companies ......................................... 312

65 Greenhouse Gas Emissions & Global Warming .................................. 315
65.1 Carbon Cycle & Carbon Sinks ....................................................... 315
65.2 Global Carbon Dioxide Budget....................................................... 316
65.3 Greenhouse Gas Emmisions, by Source ....................................... 318

66 Global Warming Mitigation Finance ...................................................... 324
66.1 Global Warming Mitigation Finance Stakeholders ......................... 324
66.2 Global Warming Investments. Venture Capital .............................. 325
66.3 Traded Green Energy Companies ................................................. 328

67 The IPCC’s 6th Assessment 2021 Report Findings ............................. 330
67.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 330
67.2 IPCC-6: Key Findings .................................................................... 330
67.3 Current State of Climate ................................................................ 331

68 Climate Related Disasters - 1970-2020 ................................................. 337

69 Political Issues of “Net Zero 2050” ....................................................... 340
69.1 Policy Dispute ................................................................................ 340
69.2 Multilateral Policy Disputes ............................................................ 341
69.3 National and Other Disputes .......................................................... 342
69.4 Non-Governmental Bodies ............................................................. 343

70 Negative Emissions Technologies & Markets ................................... 348
70.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 348
70.2 Six CO2 Removal and Sequestration Technologies ...................... 351
70.3 Coastal Blue Carbon ...................................................................... 351
70.3.1 Introduction.......................................................................... 351
70.3.2 Coastal Blue Carbon Analysis ............................................. 351
70.3.3 Conclusions ........................................................................ 353
70.4 Terrestrial Carbon Removal and Sequestration ............................. 354
70.4.1 Introduction.......................................................................... 354
70.4.2 Terrestrial Carbon Removal And Sequestration Technology Assessment ..................................................... 354
70.4.3 Introduction.......................................................................... 354
70.4.4 Forest Practices .................................................................. 356
70.4.5 Reforestation ....................................................................... 357
70.4.6 Wood & Preservation........................................................... 359
70.4.7 Traditional Cropland and Grassland .................................... 359
70.4.8 Enhanced Cropping ............................................................. 360
70.4.9 Organic Matter..................................................................... 361
70.4.10 Agroforestry ......................................................................... 362
70.4.11 Rewetting of Organic Soils .................................................. 362
70.4.12 Biochar Modification ............................................................ 363
70.5 Bioenergy With Carbon Capture & Sequestration .......................... 365
70.5.1 Introduction.......................................................................... 365
70.5.2 Bioenergy With Carbon Capture & Sequestration Technology Assessment ....................................................... 365
70.6 Direct Air Capture ........................................................................... 368
70.6.1 Introduction.......................................................................... 368
70.6.2 Direct Air Capture Technology Assessment......................... 368
70.7 Carbon Mineralization .................................................................... 371
70.7.1 Introduction.......................................................................... 371
70.7.2 Carbon Mineralization Technology Assessment.................. 371
70.7.3 Conclusions ......................................................................... 372
70.8 Geologic Sequestration.................................................................. 373
70.8.1 Introduction.......................................................................... 373
70.8.2 Technology Assessment ..................................................... 373
70.8.3 Concluding Remarks ........................................................... 374
70.8.4 CO2 Removal & Sequestration Economy............................ 375
70.8.5 Land Restraint ..................................................................... 379
70.8.6 Environmental Restraints .................................................... 379
70.8.7 Energy Requirements .......................................................... 379

APPENDICES................................................................................................... 381

71 Appendix A: Glossary ............................................................................ 381

72 Appendix B: Abbreviations.................................................................... 398

73 Research Methodology .......................................................................... 403
73.1 Report Structure............................................................................. 403
73.2 Research Methodology .................................................................. 403
73.3 For Whom is this Report? .............................................................. 404

74 Disclaimer and Copyright ...................................................................... 405


List of Tables

Table 1 - List Of Publicly Traded Renewable Energy Companies..................... 312

List of Figures
Figure 1 - Geothermal Energy Value Chain ........................................................ 21
Figure 2 - The COVID-19 Years CO-2 Emissions ............................................... 34
Figure 3 - Canada Electricity Generation by Energy Source [%], 2018 ............... 38
Figure 4 - U.S. electricity generation by major energy source, 1950-2020 ......... 43
Figure 5 – U.S. Large Scale Battery Storage Capacity by Region (2010-2019).............................................................................................. 51
Figure 6 – Total Installed Cost of Large Scale Battery Storage Capacity byYear (2010-2019) ........................................................................... 52
Figure 7 - USA Large Scale Battery Storage Capacity Additions [ MW] -2003-2023 (Planned) ..................................................................... 53
Figure 8 - Cumulative Capacity Of Large Scale Battery Storage [ MW]-2017-2023...................................................................................... 53
Figure 9 - Electricity Generation In Argentina In 2020, By Type Of Fuel* (InTerawatt Hours) ............................................................................. 54
Figure 10 – Brazil Power Generation Supply, 2017 ............................................ 59
Figure 11 - Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Chile 1990-2020 .................. 64
Figure 12 - Consumption Trends by Energy Source (Mtoe) ................................ 70
Figure 13 - Ecuador Power Generation, 2020 .................................................... 74
Figure 14 - Mexico Electricity Generation by Technology (October 2020) .......... 78
Figure 15 - Distribution of Electricity Generation In Peru In 2020, By Source ..... 84
Figure 16 - Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Austria 1990-2019 ............... 88
Figure 17 - Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Belgium 1990-2019 ............. 92
Figure 18 - Bulgaria Installed Energy Capacity ................................................... 95
Figure 19 - Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Czech Republic 1990-2019 ............................................................................................... 99
Figure 20 - Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Denmark 1990-2019 ......... 104
Figure 21 - Electricity Generation By Energy Source, Finland, 2000-2019 ....... 107
Figure 22 - France Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source 1990-2019 .............. 111
Figure 23 -The German Renewable Energy use & Reduced Energy Consumption Scenario -2005-2050 ............................................. 116
Figure 24 - Germany Electricity Generation Per Week 22 – 2021 by Energy Generation Mode ............................................................. 118
Figure 25 - Power Generation Capacity in Germany By Technology – 2002-2020 ............................................................................................. 119
Figure 26 - German Solar Power Capacity – 2009-2019 .................................. 123
Figure 27 - Sources of Large-Scale Energy Capacity [MW] Installed in Greece as of June 2020* ............................................................. 126
Geothermal Energy Industry (with COVID-19 & COP26 Impacts) & 56 National Markets – 2022
Copyright © 2021 HSRC. All rights reserved | Copy #112130| 18
Figure 28 - Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Hungary 1990-2019 .......... 130
Figure 29 - Electricity Production by Source, Iceland, 2000-2019..................... 134
Figure 30 - Total Final Consumption By Fuel in Ireland, 2005-2019 ................. 137
Figure 31 - Total Final Consumption By Sector in Ireland, 2005-2019.............. 138
Figure 32 - Primary Energy By Mode And Fuel in Ireland, 2019 ....................... 138
Figure 33 - Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Italy 1990-2019 ................. 142
Figure 34 - Lithuania’s Energy System By Fuel And Sector, 2019.................... 147
Figure 35 - Lithuania’s Total Final Consumption By Source And Sector, 2019 ............................................................................................. 148
Figure 36 - Distribution of Electricity Generation In The Netherlands In 2020, By Source .......................................................................... 152
Figure 37 - National Electricity Generation By Energy Source, Norway, in 2019 ............................................................................................. 157
Figure 38 - Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Poland 1990-2019 ............. 161
Figure 39 - Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Portugal 1990-2019........... 165
Figure 40 – Romania Consumption Trends By Energy Source (Mtoe) ............. 169
Figure 41 - Russia Consumption Trends by Energy Source (Mtoe) .................. 172
Figure 42 - Serbian Energy Distribution, 2018 .................................................. 176
Figure 43 - Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Slovak Republic 1990-2020 ............................................................................................. 180
Figure 44 - Energy Balance of Slovenia, 2020 .................................................. 183
Figure 45 - Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Spain 1990-2020 ............... 188
Figure 46 - Sweden Energy Consumption, 1800-2020 ..................................... 192
Figure 47 - Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Switzerland 1990-2020 ..... 196
Figure 48 - The UK Inland Energy Consumption, 1990 and 2020 by Energy Source ......................................................................................... 200
Figure 49 - The UK Electricity Generation, 1990 and 2020 by Energy Source ......................................................................................... 200
Figure 50 - Solar PV Installed by Quarter in UK................................................ 203
Figure 51 - Consumption Trends By Energy Source in Ukraine (Mtoe) ............ 205
Figure 52 - Installed Energy Capacity of Algeria, 2019 vs. Projected 2028 ...... 208
Figure 53 - Consumption Trends By Energy Source (Mtoe) ............................. 211
Figure 54 - Iran’s Electricity Generation by Fuel, 2019 ..................................... 214
Figure 55 – Consumption Trends by Energy Source in Israel (Mtoe) ............... 217
Figure 56 - Kenya Energy Mix by Type; Installed, 2020 .................................... 221
Figure 57 - Nigeria Total Energy Consumption ................................................. 224
Figure 58 - Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Saudi Arabia, 1990- 2019 ............................................................................................. 228
Figure 59 - South Africa Electricity Consumption Breakdown by Sector (2020, %) ..................................................................................... 232
Figure 60 - Electricity Generation in Turkey from 2019 to 2020, by Fuel .......... 236
Figure 61 - Australian Electricity Generation - Fuel Mix, 1994-2020 ................. 240
Figure 62 – Electric Power Generation in China from 2011 to 2020, by Source ......................................................................................... 243
Figure 63 - Consumption of Energy Resources in India in Petajoules in 2019-20........................................................................................ 249
Figure 64 - Electricity Mix in India, January-December 2020 ............................ 250
Figure 65 - Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, Indonesia, 1990-2019 ....... 254
Figure 66 - Share of Renewables and Nuclear Power in Japan’s Electricity Supply by Month (2020) ............................................................... 259
Figure 67 - Japan Electricity Generation by Energy Source [GW], 2019 .......... 260
Figure 68 - Total Energy Supply (TES) by Source, New Zealand, 1990- 2020 ............................................................................................. 264
Figure 69 - 2020 Philippines Power Supply Highlights...................................... 268
Figure 70 - South Korea Electricity Generation Capacity by Fuel [%], 2018 ..... 271
Figure 71 - Power Generation by Fuel in Thailand – 2010, 2020 ...................... 275
Figure 72 - Installed Generating Capacity in Vietnam – 2021-2020 [GW]......... 279
Figure 73 - Carbon Tax by Country – 2020....................................................... 287
Figure 74 - Invested [$T] Needed: By Decarbonation Sectors (Left) and by Regions (Right) ............................................................................ 308
Figure 75 - Global Carbon Dioxide Budget. [G Ton/annum] ............................. 316
Figure 76 - The Global Carbon Cycle ............................................................... 318
Figure 77 - Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Primary Sources................ 318
Figure 78 - Global Warming Mitigation Financing: Stakeholders ...................... 324
Figure 80 - The IPPC 2009,2014 and 2021 Global warming Assessments per doubling of atmospheric CO-2 ............................................... 333
Figure 81 - Contribution to 2010-2020 Warming VS. Past century ................... 334
Figure 82 -Human Contribution to Climate Change Being Felt Most Acutely & the Confidence Level in Human Contribution to Change. By Geography ................................................................................... 335
Figure 83 - Global Warming vs. number of climate related disasters -1970- 2032 ............................................................................................. 337
Figure 84 - Projected Increase in Extreme Weather Events vs. Global Warming Rate .............................................................................. 338
Figure 85 - Global Warming Vs. Number of Deaths & Economic Losses [$B] -1970-2020 ........................................................................... 339
Figure 86- Fossil Energy Divestment Size [$B] & Number of Committed Institutions.................................................................................... 345
Figure 87 - The Role Of Negative Emissions Technologies In Reaching Net Zero Emissions Scenario ............................................................. 349
Figure 88 - Leading CO2 Removal and Sequestration Technologies ............... 351
Figure 89 - Changes in carbon stock from afforestation ................................... 358
Figure 90 - Simulated Time Series of Global Land Use For Business as Usual (BAU), Afforestation (AFF), BECCS, and AFF + BECCS ........................................................................................ 364
Figure 91 - Biomass Energy Carbon Dioxide Removal And Sequestration Process ........................................................................................ 366
Figure 92 - Standard Biomass Energy-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal Pathways ..................................................................................... 367
Figure 93 - Terrestrial and Geological Sequestration Of Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Heavy Industry, ................................................. 377