Table of Content

?TABLE OF CONTENTS


1 Research Methodology and Statistical Scope

1.1 Market Definition and Statistical Scope of Aseptic Packaging

1.2 Key Market Segments

1.2.1 Aseptic Packaging Segment by Type

1.2.2 Aseptic Packaging Segment by Application

1.3 Methodology & Sources of Information

1.3.1 Research Methodology

1.3.2 Research Process

1.3.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation

1.3.4 Base Year

1.3.5 Report Assumptions & Caveats


2 Aseptic Packaging Market Overview

2.1 Global Market Overview

2.1.1 Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size (M USD) Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028)

2.1.2 Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028)

2.2 Market Segment Executive Summary

2.3 Global Market Size by Region


3 Aseptic Packaging Market Competitive Landscape

3.1 Global Aseptic Packaging Sales by Manufacturers (2017-2022)

3.2 Global Aseptic Packaging Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)

3.3 Aseptic Packaging Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)

3.4 Global Aseptic Packaging Average Price by Manufacturers (2017-2022)

3.5 Manufacturers Aseptic Packaging Sales Sites, Area Served, Product Type

3.6 Aseptic Packaging Market Competitive Situation and Trends

3.6.1 Aseptic Packaging Market Concentration Rate

3.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Aseptic Packaging Players Market Share by Revenue

3.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion


4 Aseptic Packaging Industry Chain Analysis

4.1 Aseptic Packaging Industry Chain Analysis

4.2 Market Overview and Market Concentration Analysis of Key Raw Materials

4.3 Midstream Market Analysis

4.4 Downstream Customer Analysis


5 The Development and Dynamics of Aseptic Packaging Market

5.1 Key Development Trends

5.2 Driving Factors

5.3 Market Challenges

5.4 Market Restraints

5.5 Industry News

5.5.1 New Product Developments

5.5.2 Mergers & Acquisitions

5.5.3 Expansions

5.5.4 Collaboration/Supply Contracts

5.6 Industry Policies


6 Aseptic Packaging Market Segmentation by Type

6.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)

6.2 Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

6.3 Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

6.4 Global Aseptic Packaging Price by Type (2017-2022)


7 Aseptic Packaging Market Segmentation by Application

7.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)

7.2 Global Aseptic Packaging Market Sales by Application (2017-2022)

7.3 Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size (M USD) by Application (2017-2022)

7.4 Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)


8 Aseptic Packaging Market Segmentation by Region

8.1 Global Aseptic Packaging Sales by Region

8.1.1 Global Aseptic Packaging Sales by Region

8.1.2 Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Market Share by Region

8.2 North America

8.2.1 North America Aseptic Packaging Sales by Country

8.2.2 U.S.

8.2.3 Canada

8.2.4 Mexico

8.3 Europe

8.3.1 Europe Aseptic Packaging Sales by Country

8.3.2 Germany

8.3.3 France

8.3.4 U.K.

8.3.5 Italy

8.3.6 Russia

8.4 Asia Pacific

8.4.1 Asia Pacific Aseptic Packaging Sales by Region

8.4.2 China

8.4.3 Japan

8.4.4 South Korea

8.4.5 India

8.4.6 Southeast Asia

8.5 South America

8.5.1 South America Aseptic Packaging Sales by Country

8.5.2 Brazil

8.5.3 Argentina

8.5.4 Columbia

8.6 Middle East and Africa

8.6.1 Middle East and Africa Aseptic Packaging Sales by Region

8.6.2 Saudi Arabia

8.6.3 UAE

8.6.4 Egypt

8.6.5 Nigeria

8.6.6 South Africa


9 Key Companies Profiled

9.1 Tetra Pak

9.1.1 Tetra Pak Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

9.1.2 Tetra Pak Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

9.1.3 Tetra Pak Aseptic Packaging Product Market Performance

9.1.4 Tetra Pak Business Overview

9.1.5 Tetra Pak Aseptic Packaging SWOT Analysis

9.1.6 Tetra Pak Recent Developments

9.2 SIG

9.2.1 SIG Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

9.2.2 SIG Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

9.2.3 SIG Aseptic Packaging Product Market Performance

9.2.4 SIG Business Overview

9.2.5 SIG Aseptic Packaging SWOT Analysis

9.2.6 SIG Recent Developments

9.3 Elopak

9.3.1 Elopak Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

9.3.2 Elopak Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

9.3.3 Elopak Aseptic Packaging Product Market Performance

9.3.4 Elopak Business Overview

9.3.5 Elopak Aseptic Packaging SWOT Analysis

9.3.6 Elopak Recent Developments

9.4 Greatview

9.4.1 Greatview Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

9.4.2 Greatview Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

9.4.3 Greatview Aseptic Packaging Product Market Performance

9.4.4 Greatview Business Overview

9.4.5 Greatview Aseptic Packaging SWOT Analysis

9.4.6 Greatview Recent Developments

9.5 Xinjufeng Pack

9.5.1 Xinjufeng Pack Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

9.5.2 Xinjufeng Pack Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

9.5.3 Xinjufeng Pack Aseptic Packaging Product Market Performance

9.5.4 Xinjufeng Pack Business Overview

9.5.5 Xinjufeng Pack Aseptic Packaging SWOT Analysis

9.5.6 Xinjufeng Pack Recent Developments

9.6 Lamipack

9.6.1 Lamipack Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

9.6.2 Lamipack Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

9.6.3 Lamipack Aseptic Packaging Product Market Performance

9.6.4 Lamipack Business Overview

9.6.5 Lamipack Recent Developments

9.7 Bihai

9.7.1 Bihai Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

9.7.2 Bihai Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

9.7.3 Bihai Aseptic Packaging Product Market Performance

9.7.4 Bihai Business Overview

9.7.5 Bihai Recent Developments

9.8 Coesia IPI

9.8.1 Coesia IPI Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

9.8.2 Coesia IPI Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

9.8.3 Coesia IPI Aseptic Packaging Product Market Performance

9.8.4 Coesia IPI Business Overview

9.8.5 Coesia IPI Recent Developments

9.9 Likang

9.9.1 Likang Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

9.9.2 Likang Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

9.9.3 Likang Aseptic Packaging Product Market Performance

9.9.4 Likang Business Overview

9.9.5 Likang Recent Developments

9.10 ipack

9.10.1 ipack Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

9.10.2 ipack Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

9.10.3 ipack Aseptic Packaging Product Market Performance

9.10.4 ipack Business Overview

9.10.5 ipack Recent Developments

9.11 Skylong

9.11.1 Skylong Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

9.11.2 Skylong Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

9.11.3 Skylong Aseptic Packaging Product Market Performance

9.11.4 Skylong Business Overview

9.11.5 Skylong Recent Developments

9.12 Jielong Yongfa

9.12.1 Jielong Yongfa Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

9.12.2 Jielong Yongfa Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

9.12.3 Jielong Yongfa Aseptic Packaging Product Market Performance

9.12.4 Jielong Yongfa Business Overview

9.12.5 Jielong Yongfa Recent Developments

10 Aseptic Packaging Market Forecast by Region

10.1 Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size Forecast

10.2 Global Aseptic Packaging Market Forecast by Region

10.2.1 North America Market Size Forecast by Country

10.2.2 Europe Aseptic Packaging Market Size Forecast by Country

10.2.3 Asia Pacific Aseptic Packaging Market Size Forecast by Region

10.2.4 South America Aseptic Packaging Market Size Forecast by Country

10.2.5 Middle East and Africa Forecasted Consumption of Aseptic Packaging by Country

11 Forecast Market by Type and by Application (2022-2028)

11.1 Global Aseptic Packaging Market Forecast by Type (2022-2028)

11.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Aseptic Packaging by Type (2022-2028)

11.1.2 Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size Forecast by Type (2022-2028)

11.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Aseptic Packaging by Type (2022-2028)

11.2 Global Aseptic Packaging Market Forecast by Application (2022-2028)

11.2.1 Global Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application

11.2.2 Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size (M USD) Forecast by Application (2022-2028)

12 Conclusion and Key Findings



List of Figures

?LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Introduction of the Type

Table 2. Introduction of the Application

Table 3. Market Size (M USD) Segment Executive Summary

Table 4. Aseptic Packaging Market Size (M USD) Comparison by Region (M USD)

Table 5. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units) by Manufacturers (2017-2022)

Table 6. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)

Table 7. Global Aseptic Packaging Revenue (M USD) by Manufacturers (2017-2022)

Table 8. Global Aseptic Packaging Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)

Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Aseptic Packaging as of 2021)

Table 10. Global Market Aseptic Packaging Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2017-2022)

Table 11. Manufacturers Aseptic Packaging Sales Sites and Area Served

Table 12. Manufacturers Aseptic Packaging Product Type

Table 13. Global Aseptic Packaging Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)

Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

Table 15. Industry Chain Map of Aseptic Packaging

Table 16. Raw Materials

Table 17. Midstream Market Analysis

Table 18. Downstream Customer Analysis

Table 19. Key Development Trends

Table 20. Driving Factors

Table 21. Aseptic Packaging Market Challenges

Table 22. Market Restraints

Table 23. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales by Type (K Units)

Table 24. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size by Type (M USD)

Table 25. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units) by Type (2017-2022)

Table 26. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 27. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size (M USD) by Type (2017-2022)

Table 28. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 29. Global Aseptic Packaging Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2017-2022)

Table 30. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units) by Application

Table 31. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size by Application

Table 32. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 33. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 34. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (M USD)

Table 35. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 36. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)

Table 37. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 38. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table 39. North America Aseptic Packaging Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 40. Europe Aseptic Packaging Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 41. Asia Pacific Aseptic Packaging Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 42. South America Aseptic Packaging Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 43. Middle East and Africa Aseptic Packaging Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 44. Tetra Pak Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

Table 45. Tetra Pak Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

Table 46. Tetra Pak Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table 47. Tetra Pak Business Overview

Table 48. Tetra Pak Aseptic Packaging SWOT Analysis

Table 49. Tetra Pak Recent Developments

Table 50. SIG Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

Table 51. SIG Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

Table 52. SIG Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table 53. SIG Business Overview

Table 54. SIG Aseptic Packaging SWOT Analysis

Table 55. SIG Recent Developments

Table 56. Elopak Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

Table 57. Elopak Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

Table 58. Elopak Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table 59. Elopak Business Overview

Table 60. Elopak Aseptic Packaging SWOT Analysis

Table 61. Elopak Recent Developments

Table 62. Greatview Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

Table 63. Greatview Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

Table 64. Greatview Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table 65. Greatview Business Overview

Table 66. Greatview Aseptic Packaging SWOT Analysis

Table 67. Greatview Recent Developments

Table 68. Xinjufeng Pack Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

Table 69. Xinjufeng Pack Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

Table 70. Xinjufeng Pack Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table 71. Xinjufeng Pack Business Overview

Table 72. Xinjufeng Pack Aseptic Packaging SWOT Analysis

Table 73. Xinjufeng Pack Recent Developments

Table 74. Lamipack Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

Table 75. Lamipack Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

Table 76. Lamipack Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table 77. Lamipack Business Overview

Table 78. Lamipack Recent Developments

Table 79. Bihai Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

Table 80. Bihai Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

Table 81. Bihai Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table 82. Bihai Business Overview

Table 83. Bihai Recent Developments

Table 84. Coesia IPI Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

Table 85. Coesia IPI Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

Table 86. Coesia IPI Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table 87. Coesia IPI Business Overview

Table 88. Coesia IPI Recent Developments

Table 89. Likang Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

Table 90. Likang Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

Table 91. Likang Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table 92. Likang Business Overview

Table 93. Likang Recent Developments

Table 94. ipack Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

Table 95. ipack Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

Table 96. ipack Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table 97. ipack Business Overview

Table 98. ipack Recent Developments

Table 99. Skylong Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

Table 100. Skylong Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

Table 101. Skylong Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table 102. Skylong Business Overview

Table 103. Skylong Recent Developments

Table 104. Jielong Yongfa Aseptic Packaging Basic Information

Table 105. Jielong Yongfa Aseptic Packaging Product Overview

Table 106. Jielong Yongfa Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units), Market Size (M USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)

Table 107. Jielong Yongfa Business Overview

Table 108. Jielong Yongfa Recent Developments

Table 109. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Forecast by Region (K Units)

Table 110. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size Forecast by Region (M USD)

Table 111. North America Aseptic Packaging Sales Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (K Units)

Table 112. North America Aseptic Packaging Market Size Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (M USD)

Table 113. Europe Aseptic Packaging Sales Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (K Units)

Table 114. Europe Aseptic Packaging Market Size Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (M USD)

Table 115. Asia Pacific Aseptic Packaging Sales Forecast by Region (2022-2028) & (K Units)

Table 116. Asia Pacific Aseptic Packaging Market Size Forecast by Region (2022-2028) & (M USD)

Table 117. South America Aseptic Packaging Sales Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (K Units)

Table 118. South America Aseptic Packaging Market Size Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (M USD)

Table 119. Middle East and Africa Aseptic Packaging Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (Units)

Table 120. Middle East and Africa Aseptic Packaging Market Size Forecast by Country (2022-2028) & (M USD)

Table 121. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Forecast by Type (2022-2028) & (K Units)

Table 122. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size Forecast by Type (2022-2028) & (M USD)

Table 123. Global Aseptic Packaging Price Forecast by Type (2022-2028) & (USD/Unit)

Table 124. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units) Forecast by Application (2022-2028)

Table 125. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size Forecast by Application (2022-2028) & (M USD)

List of Figures

Figure 1. Product Picture of Aseptic Packaging

Figure 2. Data Triangulation

Figure 3. Key Caveats

Figure 4. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size (M USD), 2017-2028

Figure 5. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size (M USD) (2017-2028)

Figure 6. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units) & (2017-2028)

Figure 7. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)

Figure 8. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)

Figure 9. Evaluation Matrix of Regional Market Development Potential

Figure 10. Aseptic Packaging Market Size (M USD) by Country (M USD)

Figure 11. Aseptic Packaging Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2020

Figure 12. Global Aseptic Packaging Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2020

Figure 13. Aseptic Packaging Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2017 VS 2021

Figure 14. Global Market Aseptic Packaging Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2020

Figure 15. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Aseptic Packaging Revenue in 2021

Figure 16. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)

Figure 17. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Share by Type

Figure 18. Sales Market Share of Aseptic Packaging by Type (2017-2022)

Figure 19. Sales Market Share of Aseptic Packaging by Type in 2021

Figure 20. Market Size Share of Aseptic Packaging by Type (2017-2022)

Figure 21. Market Size Market Share of Aseptic Packaging by Type in 2020

Figure 22. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)

Figure 23. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Share by Application

Figure 24. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Figure 25. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Market Share by Application in 2021

Figure 26. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Figure 27. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Share by Application in 2020

Figure 28. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)

Figure 29. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Figure 30. North America Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 31. North America Aseptic Packaging Sales Market Share by Country in 2020

Figure 32. U.S. Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 33. Canada Aseptic Packaging Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Figure 34. Mexico Aseptic Packaging Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (2017-2022)

Figure 35. Europe Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 36. Europe Aseptic Packaging Sales Market Share by Country in 2020

Figure 37. Germany Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 38. France Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 39. U.K. Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 40. Italy Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 41. Russia Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 42. Asia Pacific Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (K Units)

Figure 43. Asia Pacific Aseptic Packaging Sales Market Share by Region in 2020

Figure 44. China Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 45. Japan Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 46. South Korea Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 47. India Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 48. Southeast Asia Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 49. South America Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (K Units)

Figure 50. South America Aseptic Packaging Sales Market Share by Country in 2020

Figure 51. Brazil Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 52. Argentina Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 53. Columbia Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 54. Middle East and Africa Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (K Units)

Figure 55. Middle East and Africa Aseptic Packaging Sales Market Share by Region in 2020

Figure 56. Saudi Arabia Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 57. UAE Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 58. Egypt Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 59. Nigeria Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 60. South Africa Aseptic Packaging Sales and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 61. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Forecast by Volume (2017-2028) & (K Units)

Figure 62. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Size Forecast by Value (2017-2028) & (M USD)

Figure 63. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2028)

Figure 64. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2028)

Figure 65. Global Aseptic Packaging Sales Forecast by Application (2022-2028)

Figure 66. Global Aseptic Packaging Market Share Forecast by Application (2022-2028)