Table of Content
"1 INTRODUCTION 31
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 31
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 31
1.3 MARKET SCOPE 32
1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED 32
FIGURE 1 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET SEGMENTATION 32
1.3.2 REGIONAL SCOPE 32
1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED FOR THE STUDY 33
1.4 INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS 33
1.5 CURRENCY & PRICING 34
1.6 USD EXCHANGE RATES 34
1.7 LIMITATIONS 35
1.8 MARKET STAKEHOLDERS 35
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 36
2.1 RESEARCH DATA 36
FIGURE 2 REPORT PROCESS FLOW 36
FIGURE 3 RESEARCH DESIGN 37
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA 37
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA 38
2.1.2.1 Key data from primary sources 38
2.1.2.2 Key primary sources 38
FIGURE 4 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS: BY COMPANY TYPE, DESIGNATION, AND REGION 39
2.1.3 DEMAND-SIDE INDICATORS 39
2.1.4 SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS 39
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION 39
2.2.1 SEGMENTS AND SUBSEGMENTS 40
2.3 RESEARCH APPROACH & METHODOLOGY 41
2.3.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 41
TABLE 1 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET ESTIMATION PROCEDURE 41
FIGURE 5 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 42
2.3.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH 42
FIGURE 6 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: TOP-DOWN APPROACH 42
2.4 DATA TRIANGULATION 43
FIGURE 7 DATA TRIANGULATION 43
2.4.1 TRIANGULATION THROUGH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESEARCH 43
2.5 GROWTH RATE ASSUMPTIONS 44
2.6 ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE RESEARCH STUDY 44
2.7 RISKS 44
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 45
FIGURE 8 COMMUNICATION APPLICATION TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 45
FIGURE 9 MEDIUM SATELLITES TO DOMINATE MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 46
FIGURE 10 S-BAND SEGMENT TO COMMAND LARGEST SHARE DURING FORECAST PERIOD 46
FIGURE 11 LOW EARTH ORBIT SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 47
FIGURE 12 NORTH AMERICA TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET IN 2022 48
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 49
4.1 ATTRACTIVE GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES IN SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET 49
FIGURE 13 INCREASING DEMAND FOR COMMUNICATION SATELLITES RESPONSIBLE FOR MARKET GROWTH 49
4.2 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION 49
FIGURE 14 NAVIGATION SEGMENT TO COMMAND MARKET FROM 2018 TO 2027 49
4.3 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY PLATFORM 50
FIGURE 15 MEDIUM SATELLITES EXPECTED TO DOMINATE MARKET FROM 2018 TO 2027 50
4.4 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY 50
FIGURE 16 S-BAND SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET FROM 2018 TO 2027 50
4.5 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT 51
FIGURE 17 LOW EARTH ORBIT SEGMENT TO WITNESS UPWARD TREND FROM 2018 TO 2027 51
4.6 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COUNTRY 52
FIGURE 18 US PROJECTED TO BE FASTEST-GROWING MARKET FROM 2022 TO 2027 52
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 53
5.1 INTRODUCTION 53
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS 53
FIGURE 19 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET DYNAMICS 53
5.2.1 DRIVERS 54
5.2.1.1 Rise in space exploration missions 54
TABLE 2 LARGEST SPACE MISSIONS FROM 2020 TO 2026 54
5.2.1.2 Increasing use of small satellites in various applications 55
FIGURE 20 SMALL SATELLITE LAUNCHES (2015-2021) 55
5.2.1.3 Software-defined payloads for communication satellites 55
5.2.1.4 Demand for Earth observation imagery and analytics 55
5.2.1.5 New application areas for CubeSats 56
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS 56
5.2.2.1 Absence of cohesive government policies 56
5.2.2.2 Export restrictions on US manufacturers 56
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES 57
5.2.3.1 Use of software-defined technology for flexibility to alter space missions 57
5.2.3.2 Development of satellite networks for internet access in areas without broadband connectivity 57
5.2.3.3 Government investments in space technology 57
5.2.4 CHALLENGES 58
5.2.4.1 Concerns over space debris 58
5.2.4.2 Use of COTS components and systems in satellites 58
5.2.5 DEMAND-SIDE IMPACT 58
5.2.5.1 Key developments from January 2019 to March 2022 58
TABLE 3 KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, 2019-2022 58
5.3 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESSES 59
FIGURE 21 TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS 59
5.4 MARKET ECOSYSTEM 60
FIGURE 22 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM: MARKET ECOSYSTEM 60
5.4.1 PROMINENT COMPANIES 60
5.4.2 PRIVATE AND SMALL ENTERPRISES 60
5.4.3 END USERS 60
TABLE 4 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET ECOSYSTEM 61
5.5 PRICING ANALYSIS 62
5.5.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE ANALYSIS OF SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORMS IN 2021 62
FIGURE 23 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM (ESA) OFFERED BY TOP PLAYERS 62
5.6 TARIFF REGULATORY LANDSCAPE 63
5.6.1 NORTH AMERICA: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER AGENCIES 63
5.6.2 EUROPE: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER AGENCIES 63
5.6.3 ASIA PACIFIC: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER AGENCIES 64
5.6.4 REST OF THE WORLD: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER AGENCIES 65
5.7 TRADE DATA 65
5.7.1 TRADE ANALYSIS 65
TABLE 5 COUNTRY-WISE EXPORTS, 2019-2021 (USD THOUSAND) 65
TABLE 6 COUNTRY-WISE EXPORTS, 2019-2021 (USD THOUSAND) 66
5.8 PATENT ANALYSIS 67
FIGURE 24 MAJOR PATENTS FOR SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORMS 67
TABLE 7 LIST OF MAJOR PATENTS FOR SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORMS 68
5.9 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET 68
FIGURE 25 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 68
5.10 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS 70
5.10.1 KEY TECHNOLOGY 70
5.10.1.1 Introduction of distributed computing architecture in satellites 70
5.10.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGY 70
5.10.2.1 Deployment of 5G technology 70
FIGURE 26 COUNTRY-WISE AVAILABILITY OF 5G NETWORK (2021) 70
5.11 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL 71
5.11.1 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 71
FIGURE 27 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET: PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 71
5.11.2 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS 72
5.11.3 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 72
5.11.4 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 72
5.11.5 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 72
5.11.6 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 73
5.12 KEY STAKEHOLDERS & BUYING CRITERIA 73
5.12.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS 73
FIGURE 28 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTERS, BY APPLICATION 73
TABLE 8 INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM, BY APPLICATION (%) 73
5.12.2 BUYING CRITERIA 74
FIGURE 29 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM,
BY PLATFORM 74
TABLE 9 KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM,
BY PLATFORM 74
5.13 USE CASES 75
5.13.1 RADIATION HARDENED POWER PC (RHPPC) ON-BOARD COMPUTERS DEVELOPED BY HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. 75
5.14 KEY CONFERENCES & EVENTS, 2022-23 75
TABLE 10 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF CONFERENCES & EVENTS 75
5.15 OPERATIONAL DATA 75
TABLE 11 NUMBER OF SATELLITES LAUNCHED, BY TYPE, 2015-2021 75
6 INDUSTRY TRENDS 76
6.1 INTRODUCTION 76
6.2 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 76
FIGURE 30 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS 76
6.2.1 MAJOR COMPANIES 76
6.2.2 SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES 77
6.2.3 END USERS/CUSTOMERS 77
6.3 EMERGING INDUSTRY TRENDS 77
6.3.1 LOW POWER DEVICES 77
6.3.2 NEW ARCHITECTURES IN SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORMS 77
6.3.3 USE OF SMALL SATELLITES TO PROVIDE COMMUNICATION SERVICES 77
FIGURE 31 NUMBER OF SMALL SATELLITES LAUNCHED FOR COMMUNICATION SERVICES (2015 – 2021) 78
6.4 IMPACT OF MEGATRENDS 78
6.4.1 5G SPACE NETWORK 78
FIGURE 32 TOP 8 COUNTRIES WITH 5G DEPLOYMENT 78
6.4.1.1 Use cases of 5G space network 79
6.4.1.1.1 Role of LEO satellites in 5G 79
6.4.1.1.2 ARTES telecommunications space initiative 79
6.4.1.1.3 Inmarsat to deploy new type of 5G compatible satellite network 79
6.4.1.1.4 5G new radio over satellite communication network 79
6.4.2 DEPLOYMENT OF EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITES 80
FIGURE 33 NUMBER OF EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITES LAUNCHED FROM
2015 TO 2021 80
6.4.2.1 Use cases of Earth observation satellite launches 80
6.4.2.1.1 Taranis launched by France space agency (CNES) 80
6.4.2.1.2 EOS-4 Mission by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) 80
6.5 INNOVATIONS AND PATENT REGISTRATIONS 81
7 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION 82
7.1 INTRODUCTION 83
FIGURE 34 COMMUNICATION SEGMENT TO GROW FASTEST DURING FORECAST PERIOD 83
TABLE 12 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 83
TABLE 13 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 84
7.2 NAVIGATION 84
7.2.1 DEMAND FOR MAPPING AND NAVIGATION SATELLITES DRIVES SEGMENT 84
7.3 EARTH OBSERVATION 84
7.3.1 SIGNIFICANT ADVANCEMENTS IN GEOSPATIAL IMAGERY ANALYTICS FUELS SEGMENT 84
7.4 COMMUNICATION 85
7.4.1 5G AND MODERN HARDWARE SYSTEMS PRESENT OPPORTUNITIES IN SATELLITE-ENABLED COMMUNICATION 85
7.5 MILITARY & SCIENTIFIC 85
7.5.1 NEED TO EXPLORE TACTICAL UTILITY OF SPACE INTELLIGENCE AND RECONNAISSANCE BOOSTS SEGMENT 85
7.6 OTHERS 86
8 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY PLATFORM 87
8.1 INTRODUCTION 88
FIGURE 35 NANOSATELLITES SEGMENT TO GROW AT HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 88
TABLE 14 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY PLATFORM,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 88
TABLE 15 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY PLATFORM,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 89
8.2 NANOSATELLITES (1 TO 10 KG) 89
8.2.1 DEMAND FOR MINIATURE SATELLITES IN SPACE APPLICATIONS BOOSTS MARKET 89
8.3 MICROSATELLITES (10 TO 50 KG) 90
8.3.1 INCREASED USE OF MICROSATELLITES FOR REMOTE SENSING AND NAVIGATION BOOSTS SEGMENT 90
8.4 SMALL SATELLITES (50 TO 150 KG) 90
8.4.1 SMALLSAT TECH DEVELOPMENT TO PLAY IMPORTANT ROLE IN SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING ADVANCEMENT 90
8.5 MEDIUM SATELLITES (150 TO 1000 KG) 91
8.5.1 INCREASING NUMBER OF MEDIUM SATELLITE LAUNCHES FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FUELS SEGMENT 91
8.6 LARGE SATELLITES (> 1,000 KG) 91
8.6.1 LARGE SATELLITES MANUFACTURED ONLY BY MAJOR PLAYERS 91
8.7 SPACECRAFT 92
8.7.1 SEGMENT DRIVEN BY DEVELOPMENT OF NEW, CREWED, AND UNCREWED SPACECRAFT 92
9 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY 93
9.1 INTRODUCTION 94
FIGURE 36 X-BAND SEGMENT TO GROW AT HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD 94
TABLE 16 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 94
TABLE 17 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 95
9.2 S-BAND 95
9.2.1 INCREASING DEMAND FOR COMMUNICATION SATELLITES IN NORTH AMERICA DRIVES SEGMENT 95
9.3 X-BAND 95
9.3.1 DEMAND FOR BORDER SECURITY AND SURVEILLANCE FUELS SEGMENT 95
9.4 C-BAND 95
9.4.1 INCLUSION OF GEOSTATIONARY COMMUNICATION SATELLITES IN 5G SPACE NETWORK BOOSTS SEGMENT 95
9.5 K-BAND 96
9.5.1 INCREASING SCIENTIFIC OPERATIONS DRIVE USE OF K-BAND IN SATELLITES 96
9.6 VHF-/UHF-/HF-BAND 96
9.6.1 INCREASING DEMAND FOR LEO COMMUNICATION SATELLITES BOOSTS SEGMENT 96
9.7 OTHERS 96
10 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT 97
10.1 INTRODUCTION 98
FIGURE 37 LEO SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD 98
TABLE 18 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 98
TABLE 19 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 98
10.2 LOW EARTH ORBIT 99
10.2.1 DEVELOPMENT OF 5G SPACE NETWORKS BOOSTS SEGMENT 99
10.3 MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT 99
10.3.1 USE OF SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM FOR MILITARY, NAVIGATION, AND COMMUNICATION TO DRIVE SEGMENT 99
10.4 GEOSTATIONARY EARTH ORBIT (GEO) 99
10.4.1 INCREASING NEED FOR WEATHER FORECASTING SATELLITES FUELS SEGMENT 99
11 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY 100
11.1 INTRODUCTION 100
11.2 COTS 100
11.2.1 USE OF COTS STANDARD COMPONENTS FOR MISSION-CRITICAL SPACE APPLICATIONS BOOSTS MARKET 100
11.3 NON-COTS 100
11.3.1 RUGGEDNESS, RELIABILITY, CONSISTENCY – FEATURES OF NON-COTS COMPONENTS THAT ENSURE THEIR DOMINANCE 100
12 REGIONAL ANALYSIS 101
12.1 INTRODUCTION 102
FIGURE 38 NORTH AMERICA TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET IN 2022 102
12.2 IMPACT OF COVID-19 103
FIGURE 39 IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET 103
TABLE 20 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY REGION,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 103
TABLE 21 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY REGION,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 103
12.3 NORTH AMERICA 104
FIGURE 40 NORTH AMERICA: NUMBER OF SATELLITES LAUNCHED FROM 2018 TO 2021 104
12.3.1 PESTLE ANALYSIS: NORTH AMERICA 104
FIGURE 41 NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET SNAPSHOT 106
TABLE 22 NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COUNTRY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 106
TABLE 23 NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COUNTRY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 107
TABLE 24 NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 107
TABLE 25 NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 107
TABLE 26 NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY PLATFORM, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 108
TABLE 27 NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY PLATFORM, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 108
TABLE 28 NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 108
TABLE 29 NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 109
TABLE 30 NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 109
TABLE 31 NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 109
12.3.2 US 110
12.3.2.1 Increased investment in new computing platform architectures drives market 110
TABLE 32 US: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 110
TABLE 33 US: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 110
TABLE 34 US: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 111
TABLE 35 US: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 111
12.3.3 CANADA 111
12.3.3.1 Government support to enhance space capabilities drives market 111
TABLE 36 CANADA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 111
TABLE 37 CANADA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 112
TABLE 38 CANADA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 112
TABLE 39 CANADA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 112
12.4 EUROPE 113
FIGURE 42 EUROPE: NUMBER OF SATELLITES LAUNCHED FROM 2018 TO 2021 113
12.4.1 PESTLE ANALYSIS: EUROPE 113
FIGURE 43 EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET SNAPSHOT 115
TABLE 40 EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 116
TABLE 41 EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 116
TABLE 42 EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 116
TABLE 43 EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 117
TABLE 44 EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY PLATFORM, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 117
TABLE 45 EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY PLATFORM, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 117
TABLE 46 EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 118
TABLE 47 EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 118
TABLE 48 EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 118
TABLE 49 EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 119
12.4.2 UK 119
12.4.2.1 Space component modernization programs boost market 119
TABLE 50 UK: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 119
TABLE 51 UK: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 120
TABLE 52 UK: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 120
TABLE 53 UK: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 120
12.4.3 FRANCE 121
12.4.3.1 Government boost to nano- and microsatellites fuels market 121
TABLE 54 FRANCE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 121
TABLE 55 FRANCE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 121
TABLE 56 FRANCE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 122
TABLE 57 FRANCE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 122
12.4.4 GERMANY 122
12.4.4.1 Increased need for 5G compatible satellite communication expected to boost market 122
TABLE 58 GERMANY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 122
TABLE 59 GERMANY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 123
TABLE 60 GERMANY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 123
TABLE 61 GERMANY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 123
12.4.5 ITALY 124
12.4.5.1 Rising number of funded studies for space development programs – key market driver 124
TABLE 62 ITALY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 124
TABLE 63 ITALY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 124
TABLE 64 ITALY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 125
TABLE 65 ITALY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 125
12.4.6 RUSSIA 125
12.4.6.1 Market driven by increasing number of satellite launches for its military satellite constellation 125
TABLE 66 RUSSIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 126
TABLE 67 RUSSIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 126
TABLE 68 RUSSIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 126
TABLE 69 RUSSIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 127
12.4.7 REST OF EUROPE 127
TABLE 70 REST OF EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 71 REST OF EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 72 REST OF EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 128
TABLE 73 REST OF EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 129
12.5 ASIA PACIFIC 129
FIGURE 44 ASIA PACIFIC: NUMBER OF SATELLITES LAUNCHED FROM 2018 TO 2021 129
12.5.1 PESTLE ANALYSIS: ASIA PACIFIC 130
FIGURE 45 ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET SNAPSHOT 131
TABLE 74 ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COUNTRY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 132
TABLE 75 ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COUNTRY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 132
TABLE 76 ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 132
TABLE 77 ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 133
TABLE 78 ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY PLATFORM, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 133
TABLE 79 ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY PLATFORM, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 133
TABLE 80 ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 134
TABLE 81 ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 134
TABLE 82 ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 134
TABLE 83 ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 135
12.5.2 CHINA 135
12.5.2.1 Demand driven by use of military satellites to tackle instability across neighboring countries 135
TABLE 84 CHINA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 135
TABLE 85 CHINA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 136
TABLE 86 CHINA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 136
TABLE 87 CHINA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 136
12.5.3 INDIA 137
12.5.3.1 Thriving telecommunication industry anticipated to drive market 137
TABLE 88 INDIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 137
TABLE 89 INDIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 137
TABLE 90 INDIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 138
TABLE 91 INDIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 138
12.5.4 JAPAN 138
12.5.4.1 Focus of private companies on developing advanced technologies for space applications boosts market growth 138
TABLE 92 JAPAN: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 139
TABLE 93 JAPAN: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 139
TABLE 94 JAPAN: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 139
TABLE 95 JAPAN: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 140
12.5.5 AUSTRALIA 140
12.5.5.1 Government efforts to set up satellite and launch facilities stimulate market growth 140
TABLE 96 AUSTRALIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 140
TABLE 97 AUSTRALIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 141
TABLE 98 AUSTRALIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 141
TABLE 99 AUSTRALIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 141
12.5.6 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC 142
TABLE 100 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 142
TABLE 101 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 142
TABLE 102 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 142
TABLE 103 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 143
12.6 REST OF THE WORLD 143
FIGURE 46 REST OF THE WORLD: NUMBER OF SATELLITES LAUNCHED FROM 2018 TO 2021 143
12.6.1 PESTLE ANALYSIS: REST OF THE WORLD 143
FIGURE 47 REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET SNAPSHOT 145
TABLE 104 REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 145
TABLE 105 REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 106 REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 107 REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 146
TABLE 108 REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY PLATFORM, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 109 REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY PLATFORM, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 110 REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 147
TABLE 111 REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 148
TABLE 112 REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 148
TABLE 113 REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 148
12.6.2 MIDDLE EAST 149
TABLE 114 MIDDLE EAST: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 149
TABLE 115 MIDDLE EAST: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 150
TABLE 116 MIDDLE EAST: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 150
TABLE 117 MIDDLE EAST: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 150
12.6.3 AFRICA 151
TABLE 118 AFRICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 151
TABLE 119 AFRICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 151
TABLE 120 AFRICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 152
TABLE 121 AFRICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 152
12.6.4 LATIN AMERICA 152
TABLE 122 LATIN AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 152
TABLE 123 LATIN AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 153
TABLE 124 LATIN AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION) 153
TABLE 125 LATIN AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION) 153
13 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 154
13.1 INTRODUCTION 154
TABLE 126 KEY DEVELOPMENTS BY LEADING PLAYERS IN SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET BETWEEN 2019 AND MARCH 2022 154
13.2 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF LEADING PLAYERS, 2021 155
FIGURE 48 REVENUE GENERATED BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, 2021 155
FIGURE 49 COLLECTIVE REVENUE SHARE OF TOP FIVE PLAYERS 155
13.3 RANK ANALYSIS, 2021 156
TABLE 127 DEGREE OF COMPETITION 156
TABLE 128 COMPANY REGION FOOTPRINT 157
TABLE 129 COMPANY APPLICATION FOOTPRINT 158
TABLE 130 COMPANY PLATFORM FOOTPRINT 159
13.4 COMPETITIVE EVALUATION QUADRANT 160
13.4.1 STARS 160
13.4.2 PERVASIVE COMPANIES 160
13.4.3 EMERGING LEADERS 160
13.4.4 PARTICIPANTS 160
FIGURE 50 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING, 2021 161
13.5 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING 162
13.5.1 PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES 162
13.5.2 RESPONSIVE COMPANIES 162
13.5.3 STARTING BLOCKS 162
13.5.4 DYNAMIC COMPANIES 162
FIGURE 51 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING (SME) 163
13.6 DETAILED LIST & COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF KEY STARTUP/SMES 164
TABLE 131 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF KEY STARTUP/SMES 164
TABLE 132 SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF KEY STARTUP/SMES 164
13.7 COMPETITIVE SCENARIO 165
13.7.1 NEW PRODUCT LAUNCHES 165
TABLE 133 NEW PRODUCT LAUNCHES, 2019–MARCH 2022 165
13.7.2 DEALS 166
TABLE 134 DEALS, 2019–MARCH 2022 166
14 COMPANY PROFILES 168
14.1 INTRODUCTION 168
14.2 KEY PLAYERS 169
(Business Overview, Products/Services/Solutions Offered, MnM View, Key Strengths and Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, Weaknesses and Competitive Threats, Recent Developments)*
14.2.1 NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION 169
TABLE 135 NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 169
FIGURE 52 NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 170
14.2.2 THALES GROUP 172
TABLE 136 THALES GROUP: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 172
FIGURE 53 THALES GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 173
TABLE 137 THALES GROUP: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 173
14.2.3 LOCKHEED MARTIN 175
TABLE 138 LOCKHEED MARTIN: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 175
FIGURE 54 LOCKHEED MARTIN: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 176
TABLE 139 LOCKHEED MARTIN: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 176
14.2.4 RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES 178
TABLE 140 RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 178
FIGURE 55 RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 179
14.2.5 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. 181
TABLE 141 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 181
FIGURE 56 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 181
TABLE 142 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC: DEALS 182
14.2.6 BAE SYSTEMS 184
TABLE 143 BAE SYSTEMS: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 184
FIGURE 57 BAE SYSTEMS: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 184
TABLE 144 BAE SYSTEMS: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 185
TABLE 145 BAE SYSTEMS: DEALS 185
14.2.7 AIRBUS GROUP 186
TABLE 146 AIRBUS GROUP: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 186
FIGURE 58 AIRBUS GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 186
14.2.8 LEONARDO S.P.A. 188
TABLE 147 LEONARDO S.P.A.: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 188
FIGURE 59 LEONARDO S.P.A.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 188
14.2.9 L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES 190
TABLE 148 L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 190
FIGURE 60 L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 190
14.2.10 TELEDYNE TECHNOLOGIES 192
TABLE 149 TELEDYNE TECHNOLOGIES: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 192
FIGURE 61 TELEDYNE TECHNOLOGIES: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 192
14.2.11 MDA 194
TABLE 150 MDA: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 194
FIGURE 62 MDA: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 194
TABLE 151 MDA: DEALS 195
14.2.12 SAAB AB 196
TABLE 152 SAAB AB: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 196
FIGURE 63 SAAB AB: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 197
14.2.13 ST ENGINEERING 198
TABLE 153 ST ENGINEERING: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 198
FIGURE 64 ST ENGINEERING: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 198
TABLE 154 ST ENGINEERING: DEALS 199
14.2.14 IBM 200
TABLE 155 IBM: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 200
FIGURE 65 IBM: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 200
14.2.15 ELECNOR 202
TABLE 156 ELECNOR: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 202
FIGURE 66 ELECNOR: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 202
14.2.16 BALL CORP. 204
TABLE 157 BALL CORP.: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 204
FIGURE 67 BALL CORP.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT 204
14.3 OTHER KEY PLAYERS 205
14.3.1 RUAG SPACE 205
TABLE 158 RUAG SPACE: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 205
TABLE 159 RUAG SPACE: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 205
14.3.2 RAMON SPACE 206
TABLE 160 RAMON SPACE; BUSINESS OVERVIEW 206
TABLE 161 RAMON SPACE: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 206
TABLE 162 RAMON SPACE: DEALS 207
14.3.3 LMO SPACE 208
TABLE 163 LMO SPACE: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 208
14.3.4 COBHAM GAISLER AB 209
TABLE 164 COBHAM GAISLER AB: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 209
TABLE 165 COBHAM GAISLER AB: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT 209
14.3.5 GAUSS SRL 210
TABLE 166 GAUSS SRL: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 210
14.3.6 YORK SPACE SYSTEMS 211
TABLE 167 YORK SPACE SYSTEMS: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 211
14.3.7 SPACE TANGO 212
TABLE 168 SPACE TANGO: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 212
14.3.8 CONTEC 213
TABLE 169 CONTEC: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 213
14.3.9 ISI SPACE 214
TABLE 170 ISI SPACE: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 214
14.3.10 ENDUROSAT 215
TABLE 171 ENDUROSAT: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 215
14.3.11 LOFT ORBITAL 216
TABLE 172 LOFT ORBITAL: BUSINESS OVERVIEW 216
TABLE 173 LOFT ORBITAL: DEALS 216
*Business Overview, Products/Services/Solutions Offered, MnM View, Key Strengths and Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, Weaknesses and Competitive Threats, Recent Developments might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
15 APPENDIX 217
15.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE 217
15.2 KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL 220
15.3 AVAILABLE CUSTOMIZATION 222
15.4 RELATED REPORTS 222
15.5 AUTHOR DETAILS 223"