Table of Content


"1    INTRODUCTION    31
1.1    OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY    31
1.2    MARKET DEFINITION    31
1.3    MARKET SCOPE    32
1.3.1    MARKETS COVERED    32
FIGURE 1    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET SEGMENTATION    32
1.3.2    REGIONAL SCOPE    32
1.3.3    YEARS CONSIDERED FOR THE STUDY    33
1.4    INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS    33
1.5    CURRENCY & PRICING    34
1.6    USD EXCHANGE RATES    34
1.7    LIMITATIONS    35
1.8    MARKET STAKEHOLDERS    35
2    RESEARCH METHODOLOGY    36
2.1    RESEARCH DATA    36
FIGURE 2    REPORT PROCESS FLOW    36
FIGURE 3    RESEARCH DESIGN    37
2.1.1    SECONDARY DATA    37
2.1.2    PRIMARY DATA    38
2.1.2.1    Key data from primary sources    38
2.1.2.2    Key primary sources    38
FIGURE 4    BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS: BY COMPANY TYPE, DESIGNATION, AND REGION    39
2.1.3    DEMAND-SIDE INDICATORS    39
2.1.4    SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS    39
2.2    MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION    39
2.2.1    SEGMENTS AND SUBSEGMENTS    40
2.3    RESEARCH APPROACH & METHODOLOGY    41
2.3.1    BOTTOM-UP APPROACH    41
TABLE 1    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET ESTIMATION PROCEDURE    41
FIGURE 5    MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH    42
2.3.2    TOP-DOWN APPROACH    42
FIGURE 6    MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: TOP-DOWN APPROACH    42
2.4    DATA TRIANGULATION    43
FIGURE 7    DATA TRIANGULATION    43
2.4.1    TRIANGULATION THROUGH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESEARCH    43
2.5    GROWTH RATE ASSUMPTIONS    44
2.6    ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE RESEARCH STUDY    44
2.7    RISKS    44
3    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY    45
FIGURE 8    COMMUNICATION APPLICATION TO REGISTER HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD    45
FIGURE 9    MEDIUM SATELLITES TO DOMINATE MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD    46
FIGURE 10    S-BAND SEGMENT TO COMMAND LARGEST SHARE DURING FORECAST PERIOD    46
FIGURE 11    LOW EARTH ORBIT SEGMENT TO LEAD MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD    47
FIGURE 12    NORTH AMERICA TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET IN 2022    48
4    PREMIUM INSIGHTS    49
4.1    ATTRACTIVE GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES IN SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET    49
FIGURE 13    INCREASING DEMAND FOR COMMUNICATION SATELLITES RESPONSIBLE FOR MARKET GROWTH    49
4.2    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION    49
FIGURE 14    NAVIGATION SEGMENT TO COMMAND MARKET FROM 2018 TO 2027    49
4.3    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY PLATFORM    50
FIGURE 15    MEDIUM SATELLITES EXPECTED TO DOMINATE MARKET FROM 2018 TO 2027    50
4.4    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY    50
FIGURE 16    S-BAND SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET FROM 2018 TO 2027    50
4.5    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT    51
FIGURE 17    LOW EARTH ORBIT SEGMENT TO WITNESS UPWARD TREND FROM 2018 TO 2027    51
4.6    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COUNTRY    52
FIGURE 18    US PROJECTED TO BE FASTEST-GROWING MARKET FROM 2022 TO 2027    52
5    MARKET OVERVIEW    53
5.1    INTRODUCTION    53
5.2    MARKET DYNAMICS    53
FIGURE 19    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET DYNAMICS    53
5.2.1    DRIVERS    54
5.2.1.1    Rise in space exploration missions    54
TABLE 2    LARGEST SPACE MISSIONS FROM 2020 TO 2026    54
5.2.1.2    Increasing use of small satellites in various applications    55
FIGURE 20    SMALL SATELLITE LAUNCHES (2015-2021)    55
5.2.1.3    Software-defined payloads for communication satellites    55
5.2.1.4    Demand for Earth observation imagery and analytics    55
5.2.1.5    New application areas for CubeSats    56
5.2.2    RESTRAINTS    56
5.2.2.1    Absence of cohesive government policies    56
5.2.2.2    Export restrictions on US manufacturers    56
5.2.3    OPPORTUNITIES    57
5.2.3.1    Use of software-defined technology for flexibility to alter space missions    57
5.2.3.2    Development of satellite networks for internet access in areas without broadband connectivity    57
5.2.3.3    Government investments in space technology    57
5.2.4    CHALLENGES    58
5.2.4.1    Concerns over space debris    58
5.2.4.2    Use of COTS components and systems in satellites    58
5.2.5    DEMAND-SIDE IMPACT    58
5.2.5.1    Key developments from January 2019 to March 2022    58
TABLE 3    KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, 2019-2022    58
5.3    TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESSES    59
FIGURE 21    TRENDS AND DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS    59
5.4    MARKET ECOSYSTEM    60
FIGURE 22    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM: MARKET ECOSYSTEM    60
5.4.1    PROMINENT COMPANIES    60
5.4.2    PRIVATE AND SMALL ENTERPRISES    60
5.4.3    END USERS    60
TABLE 4    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET ECOSYSTEM    61
5.5    PRICING ANALYSIS    62
5.5.1    AVERAGE SELLING PRICE ANALYSIS OF SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORMS IN 2021    62
FIGURE 23    AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM (ESA) OFFERED BY TOP PLAYERS    62
5.6    TARIFF REGULATORY LANDSCAPE    63
5.6.1    NORTH AMERICA: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER AGENCIES    63
5.6.2    EUROPE: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER AGENCIES    63
5.6.3    ASIA PACIFIC: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER AGENCIES    64
5.6.4    REST OF THE WORLD: LIST OF REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER AGENCIES    65
5.7    TRADE DATA    65
5.7.1    TRADE ANALYSIS    65
TABLE 5    COUNTRY-WISE EXPORTS, 2019-2021 (USD THOUSAND)    65
TABLE 6    COUNTRY-WISE EXPORTS, 2019-2021 (USD THOUSAND)    66
5.8    PATENT ANALYSIS    67
FIGURE 24    MAJOR PATENTS FOR SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORMS    67
TABLE 7    LIST OF MAJOR PATENTS FOR SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORMS    68
5.9    VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET    68
FIGURE 25    VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS    68
5.10    TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS    70
5.10.1    KEY TECHNOLOGY    70
5.10.1.1    Introduction of distributed computing architecture in satellites    70
5.10.2    COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGY    70
5.10.2.1    Deployment of 5G technology    70
FIGURE 26    COUNTRY-WISE AVAILABILITY OF 5G NETWORK (2021)    70
5.11    PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL    71
5.11.1    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET: PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS    71
FIGURE 27    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET: PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS    71
5.11.2    THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS    72
5.11.3    THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES    72
5.11.4    BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS    72
5.11.5    BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS    72
5.11.6    INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY    73
5.12    KEY STAKEHOLDERS & BUYING CRITERIA    73
5.12.1    KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS    73
FIGURE 28    INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTERS, BY APPLICATION    73
TABLE 8    INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM, BY APPLICATION (%)    73
5.12.2    BUYING CRITERIA    74
FIGURE 29    KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM,
BY PLATFORM    74
TABLE 9    KEY BUYING CRITERIA FOR SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM,
BY PLATFORM    74
5.13    USE CASES    75
5.13.1    RADIATION HARDENED POWER PC (RHPPC) ON-BOARD COMPUTERS DEVELOPED BY HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.    75
5.14    KEY CONFERENCES & EVENTS, 2022-23    75
TABLE 10    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF CONFERENCES & EVENTS    75
5.15    OPERATIONAL DATA    75
TABLE 11    NUMBER OF SATELLITES LAUNCHED, BY TYPE, 2015-2021    75
6    INDUSTRY TRENDS    76
6.1    INTRODUCTION    76
6.2    SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS    76
FIGURE 30    SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS    76
6.2.1    MAJOR COMPANIES    76
6.2.2    SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES    77
6.2.3    END USERS/CUSTOMERS    77
6.3    EMERGING INDUSTRY TRENDS    77
6.3.1    LOW POWER DEVICES    77
6.3.2    NEW ARCHITECTURES IN SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORMS    77
6.3.3    USE OF SMALL SATELLITES TO PROVIDE COMMUNICATION SERVICES    77
FIGURE 31    NUMBER OF SMALL SATELLITES LAUNCHED FOR COMMUNICATION SERVICES (2015 – 2021)    78
6.4    IMPACT OF MEGATRENDS    78
6.4.1    5G SPACE NETWORK    78
FIGURE 32    TOP 8 COUNTRIES WITH 5G DEPLOYMENT    78
6.4.1.1    Use cases of 5G space network    79
6.4.1.1.1    Role of LEO satellites in 5G    79
6.4.1.1.2    ARTES telecommunications space initiative    79
6.4.1.1.3    Inmarsat to deploy new type of 5G compatible satellite network    79
6.4.1.1.4    5G new radio over satellite communication network    79
6.4.2    DEPLOYMENT OF EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITES    80
FIGURE 33    NUMBER OF EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITES LAUNCHED FROM
2015 TO 2021    80
6.4.2.1    Use cases of Earth observation satellite launches    80
6.4.2.1.1    Taranis launched by France space agency (CNES)    80
6.4.2.1.2    EOS-4 Mission by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)    80
6.5    INNOVATIONS AND PATENT REGISTRATIONS    81
7    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION    82
7.1    INTRODUCTION    83
FIGURE 34    COMMUNICATION SEGMENT TO GROW FASTEST DURING FORECAST PERIOD    83
TABLE 12    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    83
TABLE 13    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    84
7.2    NAVIGATION    84
7.2.1    DEMAND FOR MAPPING AND NAVIGATION SATELLITES DRIVES SEGMENT    84
7.3    EARTH OBSERVATION    84
7.3.1    SIGNIFICANT ADVANCEMENTS IN GEOSPATIAL IMAGERY ANALYTICS FUELS SEGMENT    84
7.4    COMMUNICATION    85
7.4.1    5G AND MODERN HARDWARE SYSTEMS PRESENT OPPORTUNITIES IN SATELLITE-ENABLED COMMUNICATION    85
7.5    MILITARY & SCIENTIFIC    85
7.5.1    NEED TO EXPLORE TACTICAL UTILITY OF SPACE INTELLIGENCE AND RECONNAISSANCE BOOSTS SEGMENT    85
7.6    OTHERS    86

8    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY PLATFORM    87
8.1    INTRODUCTION    88
FIGURE 35    NANOSATELLITES SEGMENT TO GROW AT HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD    88
TABLE 14    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY PLATFORM,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    88
TABLE 15    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY PLATFORM,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    89
8.2    NANOSATELLITES (1 TO 10 KG)    89
8.2.1    DEMAND FOR MINIATURE SATELLITES IN SPACE APPLICATIONS BOOSTS MARKET    89
8.3    MICROSATELLITES (10 TO 50 KG)    90
8.3.1    INCREASED USE OF MICROSATELLITES FOR REMOTE SENSING AND NAVIGATION BOOSTS SEGMENT    90
8.4    SMALL SATELLITES (50 TO 150 KG)    90
8.4.1    SMALLSAT TECH DEVELOPMENT TO PLAY IMPORTANT ROLE IN SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING ADVANCEMENT    90
8.5    MEDIUM SATELLITES (150 TO 1000 KG)    91
8.5.1    INCREASING NUMBER OF MEDIUM SATELLITE LAUNCHES FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FUELS SEGMENT    91
8.6    LARGE SATELLITES (> 1,000 KG)    91
8.6.1    LARGE SATELLITES MANUFACTURED ONLY BY MAJOR PLAYERS    91
8.7    SPACECRAFT    92
8.7.1    SEGMENT DRIVEN BY DEVELOPMENT OF NEW, CREWED, AND UNCREWED SPACECRAFT    92
9    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY    93
9.1    INTRODUCTION    94
FIGURE 36    X-BAND SEGMENT TO GROW AT HIGHEST CAGR DURING FORECAST PERIOD    94
TABLE 16    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    94
TABLE 17    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    95
9.2    S-BAND    95
9.2.1    INCREASING DEMAND FOR COMMUNICATION SATELLITES IN NORTH AMERICA DRIVES SEGMENT    95
9.3    X-BAND    95
9.3.1    DEMAND FOR BORDER SECURITY AND SURVEILLANCE FUELS SEGMENT    95
9.4    C-BAND    95
9.4.1    INCLUSION OF GEOSTATIONARY COMMUNICATION SATELLITES IN 5G SPACE NETWORK BOOSTS SEGMENT    95
9.5    K-BAND    96
9.5.1    INCREASING SCIENTIFIC OPERATIONS DRIVE USE OF K-BAND IN SATELLITES    96

9.6    VHF-/UHF-/HF-BAND    96
9.6.1    INCREASING DEMAND FOR LEO COMMUNICATION SATELLITES BOOSTS SEGMENT    96
9.7    OTHERS    96
10    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT    97
10.1    INTRODUCTION    98
FIGURE 37    LEO SEGMENT TO DOMINATE MARKET DURING FORECAST PERIOD    98
TABLE 18    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    98
TABLE 19    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    98
10.2    LOW EARTH ORBIT    99
10.2.1    DEVELOPMENT OF 5G SPACE NETWORKS BOOSTS SEGMENT    99
10.3    MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT    99
10.3.1    USE OF SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM FOR MILITARY, NAVIGATION, AND COMMUNICATION TO DRIVE SEGMENT    99
10.4    GEOSTATIONARY EARTH ORBIT (GEO)    99
10.4.1    INCREASING NEED FOR WEATHER FORECASTING SATELLITES FUELS SEGMENT    99
11    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY    100
11.1    INTRODUCTION    100
11.2    COTS    100
11.2.1    USE OF COTS STANDARD COMPONENTS FOR MISSION-CRITICAL SPACE APPLICATIONS BOOSTS MARKET    100
11.3    NON-COTS    100
11.3.1    RUGGEDNESS, RELIABILITY, CONSISTENCY – FEATURES OF NON-COTS COMPONENTS THAT ENSURE THEIR DOMINANCE    100
12    REGIONAL ANALYSIS    101
12.1    INTRODUCTION    102
FIGURE 38    NORTH AMERICA TO HOLD LARGEST SHARE OF SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET IN 2022    102
12.2    IMPACT OF COVID-19    103
FIGURE 39    IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET    103
TABLE 20    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY REGION,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    103
TABLE 21    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY REGION,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    103
12.3    NORTH AMERICA    104
FIGURE 40    NORTH AMERICA: NUMBER OF SATELLITES LAUNCHED FROM 2018 TO 2021    104
12.3.1    PESTLE ANALYSIS: NORTH AMERICA    104
FIGURE 41    NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET SNAPSHOT    106
TABLE 22    NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COUNTRY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    106
TABLE 23    NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COUNTRY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    107
TABLE 24    NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    107
TABLE 25    NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    107
TABLE 26    NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY PLATFORM, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    108
TABLE 27    NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY PLATFORM, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    108
TABLE 28    NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    108
TABLE 29    NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    109
TABLE 30    NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    109
TABLE 31    NORTH AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    109
12.3.2    US    110
12.3.2.1    Increased investment in new computing platform architectures drives market    110
TABLE 32    US: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    110
TABLE 33    US: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    110
TABLE 34    US: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    111
TABLE 35    US: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    111
12.3.3    CANADA    111
12.3.3.1    Government support to enhance space capabilities drives market    111
TABLE 36    CANADA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    111
TABLE 37    CANADA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    112
TABLE 38    CANADA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    112
TABLE 39    CANADA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    112
12.4    EUROPE    113
FIGURE 42    EUROPE: NUMBER OF SATELLITES LAUNCHED FROM 2018 TO 2021    113
12.4.1    PESTLE ANALYSIS: EUROPE    113
FIGURE 43    EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET SNAPSHOT    115
TABLE 40    EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    116
TABLE 41    EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    116
TABLE 42    EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    116
TABLE 43    EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    117
TABLE 44    EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY PLATFORM, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    117
TABLE 45    EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY PLATFORM, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    117
TABLE 46    EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    118
TABLE 47    EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    118
TABLE 48    EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    118
TABLE 49    EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    119
12.4.2    UK    119
12.4.2.1    Space component modernization programs boost market    119
TABLE 50    UK: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    119
TABLE 51    UK: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    120
TABLE 52    UK: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    120
TABLE 53    UK: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    120
12.4.3    FRANCE    121
12.4.3.1    Government boost to nano- and microsatellites fuels market    121
TABLE 54    FRANCE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    121
TABLE 55    FRANCE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    121
TABLE 56    FRANCE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    122
TABLE 57    FRANCE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    122
12.4.4    GERMANY    122
12.4.4.1    Increased need for 5G compatible satellite communication expected to boost market    122
TABLE 58    GERMANY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    122
TABLE 59    GERMANY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    123
TABLE 60    GERMANY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    123
TABLE 61    GERMANY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    123
12.4.5    ITALY    124
12.4.5.1    Rising number of funded studies for space development programs – key market driver    124
TABLE 62    ITALY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    124
TABLE 63    ITALY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    124
TABLE 64    ITALY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT,
2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    125
TABLE 65    ITALY: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT,
2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    125
12.4.6    RUSSIA    125
12.4.6.1    Market driven by increasing number of satellite launches for its military satellite constellation    125
TABLE 66    RUSSIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    126
TABLE 67    RUSSIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    126
TABLE 68    RUSSIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    126
TABLE 69    RUSSIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    127
12.4.7    REST OF EUROPE    127
TABLE 70    REST OF EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    128
TABLE 71    REST OF EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    128
TABLE 72    REST OF EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    128
TABLE 73    REST OF EUROPE: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    129
12.5    ASIA PACIFIC    129
FIGURE 44    ASIA PACIFIC: NUMBER OF SATELLITES LAUNCHED FROM 2018 TO 2021    129
12.5.1    PESTLE ANALYSIS: ASIA PACIFIC    130
FIGURE 45    ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET SNAPSHOT    131
TABLE 74    ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COUNTRY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    132
TABLE 75    ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COUNTRY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    132
TABLE 76    ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    132
TABLE 77    ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    133
TABLE 78    ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY PLATFORM, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    133
TABLE 79    ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY PLATFORM, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    133
TABLE 80    ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    134
TABLE 81    ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    134
TABLE 82    ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    134
TABLE 83    ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    135
12.5.2    CHINA    135
12.5.2.1    Demand driven by use of military satellites to tackle instability across neighboring countries    135
TABLE 84    CHINA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    135
TABLE 85    CHINA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    136
TABLE 86    CHINA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    136
TABLE 87    CHINA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    136
12.5.3    INDIA    137
12.5.3.1    Thriving telecommunication industry anticipated to drive market    137
TABLE 88    INDIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    137
TABLE 89    INDIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    137
TABLE 90    INDIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    138
TABLE 91    INDIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    138
12.5.4    JAPAN    138
12.5.4.1    Focus of private companies on developing advanced technologies for space applications boosts market growth    138
TABLE 92    JAPAN: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    139
TABLE 93    JAPAN: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    139
TABLE 94    JAPAN: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    139
TABLE 95    JAPAN: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    140
12.5.5    AUSTRALIA    140
12.5.5.1    Government efforts to set up satellite and launch facilities stimulate market growth    140
TABLE 96    AUSTRALIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    140
TABLE 97    AUSTRALIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    141
TABLE 98    AUSTRALIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    141
TABLE 99    AUSTRALIA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    141
12.5.6    REST OF ASIA PACIFIC    142
TABLE 100    REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    142
TABLE 101    REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    142
TABLE 102    REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    142
TABLE 103    REST OF ASIA PACIFIC: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    143
12.6    REST OF THE WORLD    143
FIGURE 46    REST OF THE WORLD: NUMBER OF SATELLITES LAUNCHED FROM 2018 TO 2021    143
12.6.1    PESTLE ANALYSIS: REST OF THE WORLD    143
FIGURE 47    REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET SNAPSHOT    145
TABLE 104    REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY REGION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    145
TABLE 105    REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY REGION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    146
TABLE 106    REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    146
TABLE 107    REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    146
TABLE 108    REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY PLATFORM, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    147
TABLE 109    REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY PLATFORM, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    147
TABLE 110    REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    147
TABLE 111    REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY COMMUNICATION FREQUENCY, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    148
TABLE 112    REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    148
TABLE 113    REST OF THE WORLD: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    148
12.6.2    MIDDLE EAST    149
TABLE 114    MIDDLE EAST: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    149
TABLE 115    MIDDLE EAST: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    150
TABLE 116    MIDDLE EAST: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    150
TABLE 117    MIDDLE EAST: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    150
12.6.3    AFRICA    151
TABLE 118    AFRICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    151
TABLE 119    AFRICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    151
TABLE 120    AFRICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    152
TABLE 121    AFRICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    152
12.6.4    LATIN AMERICA    152
TABLE 122    LATIN AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    152
TABLE 123    LATIN AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY APPLICATION, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    153
TABLE 124    LATIN AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2018–2021 (USD MILLION)    153
TABLE 125    LATIN AMERICA: SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET,
BY ORBIT, 2022–2027 (USD MILLION)    153
13    COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE    154
13.1    INTRODUCTION    154
TABLE 126    KEY DEVELOPMENTS BY LEADING PLAYERS IN SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET BETWEEN 2019 AND MARCH 2022    154
13.2    MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF LEADING PLAYERS, 2021    155
FIGURE 48    REVENUE GENERATED BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET, 2021    155
FIGURE 49    COLLECTIVE REVENUE SHARE OF TOP FIVE PLAYERS    155
13.3    RANK ANALYSIS, 2021    156
TABLE 127    DEGREE OF COMPETITION    156
TABLE 128    COMPANY REGION FOOTPRINT    157
TABLE 129    COMPANY APPLICATION FOOTPRINT    158
TABLE 130    COMPANY PLATFORM FOOTPRINT    159
13.4    COMPETITIVE EVALUATION QUADRANT    160
13.4.1    STARS    160
13.4.2    PERVASIVE COMPANIES    160
13.4.3    EMERGING LEADERS    160
13.4.4    PARTICIPANTS    160
FIGURE 50    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING, 2021    161
13.5    COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING    162
13.5.1    PROGRESSIVE COMPANIES    162
13.5.2    RESPONSIVE COMPANIES    162
13.5.3    STARTING BLOCKS    162
13.5.4    DYNAMIC COMPANIES    162
FIGURE 51    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET COMPETITIVE LEADERSHIP MAPPING (SME)    163
13.6    DETAILED LIST & COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF KEY STARTUP/SMES    164
TABLE 131    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET: DETAILED LIST OF KEY STARTUP/SMES    164
TABLE 132    SPACE ON-BOARD COMPUTING PLATFORM MARKET: COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF KEY STARTUP/SMES    164
13.7    COMPETITIVE SCENARIO    165
13.7.1    NEW PRODUCT LAUNCHES    165
TABLE 133    NEW PRODUCT LAUNCHES, 2019–MARCH 2022    165
13.7.2    DEALS    166
TABLE 134    DEALS, 2019–MARCH 2022    166
14    COMPANY PROFILES    168
14.1    INTRODUCTION    168
14.2    KEY PLAYERS    169
(Business Overview, Products/Services/Solutions Offered, MnM View, Key Strengths and Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, Weaknesses and Competitive Threats, Recent Developments)*
14.2.1    NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION    169
TABLE 135    NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    169
FIGURE 52    NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    170
14.2.2    THALES GROUP    172
TABLE 136    THALES GROUP: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    172
FIGURE 53    THALES GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    173
TABLE 137    THALES GROUP: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT    173
14.2.3    LOCKHEED MARTIN    175
TABLE 138    LOCKHEED MARTIN: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    175
FIGURE 54    LOCKHEED MARTIN: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    176
TABLE 139    LOCKHEED MARTIN: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT    176
14.2.4    RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES    178
TABLE 140    RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    178
FIGURE 55    RAYTHEON TECHNOLOGIES: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    179
14.2.5    HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC.    181
TABLE 141    HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    181
FIGURE 56    HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    181
TABLE 142    HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC: DEALS    182
14.2.6    BAE SYSTEMS    184
TABLE 143    BAE SYSTEMS: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    184
FIGURE 57    BAE SYSTEMS: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    184
TABLE 144    BAE SYSTEMS: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT    185
TABLE 145    BAE SYSTEMS: DEALS    185
14.2.7    AIRBUS GROUP    186
TABLE 146    AIRBUS GROUP: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    186
FIGURE 58    AIRBUS GROUP: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    186
14.2.8    LEONARDO S.P.A.    188
TABLE 147    LEONARDO S.P.A.: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    188
FIGURE 59    LEONARDO S.P.A.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    188
14.2.9    L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES    190
TABLE 148    L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    190
FIGURE 60    L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    190
14.2.10    TELEDYNE TECHNOLOGIES    192
TABLE 149    TELEDYNE TECHNOLOGIES: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    192
FIGURE 61    TELEDYNE TECHNOLOGIES: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    192
14.2.11    MDA    194
TABLE 150    MDA: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    194
FIGURE 62    MDA: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    194
TABLE 151    MDA: DEALS    195
14.2.12    SAAB AB    196
TABLE 152    SAAB AB: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    196
FIGURE 63    SAAB AB: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    197
14.2.13    ST ENGINEERING    198
TABLE 153    ST ENGINEERING: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    198
FIGURE 64    ST ENGINEERING: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    198
TABLE 154    ST ENGINEERING: DEALS    199
14.2.14    IBM    200
TABLE 155    IBM: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    200
FIGURE 65    IBM: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    200
14.2.15    ELECNOR    202
TABLE 156    ELECNOR: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    202
FIGURE 66    ELECNOR: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    202
14.2.16    BALL CORP.    204
TABLE 157    BALL CORP.: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    204
FIGURE 67    BALL CORP.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT    204
14.3    OTHER KEY PLAYERS    205
14.3.1    RUAG SPACE    205
TABLE 158    RUAG SPACE: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    205
TABLE 159    RUAG SPACE: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT    205
14.3.2    RAMON SPACE    206
TABLE 160    RAMON SPACE; BUSINESS OVERVIEW    206
TABLE 161    RAMON SPACE: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT    206
TABLE 162    RAMON SPACE: DEALS    207
14.3.3    LMO SPACE    208
TABLE 163    LMO SPACE: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    208
14.3.4    COBHAM GAISLER AB    209
TABLE 164    COBHAM GAISLER AB: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    209
TABLE 165    COBHAM GAISLER AB: NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT    209
14.3.5    GAUSS SRL    210
TABLE 166    GAUSS SRL: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    210
14.3.6    YORK SPACE SYSTEMS    211
TABLE 167    YORK SPACE SYSTEMS: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    211
14.3.7    SPACE TANGO    212
TABLE 168    SPACE TANGO: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    212
14.3.8    CONTEC    213
TABLE 169    CONTEC: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    213
14.3.9    ISI SPACE    214
TABLE 170    ISI SPACE: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    214
14.3.10    ENDUROSAT    215
TABLE 171    ENDUROSAT: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    215
14.3.11    LOFT ORBITAL    216
TABLE 172    LOFT ORBITAL: BUSINESS OVERVIEW    216
TABLE 173    LOFT ORBITAL: DEALS    216
*Business Overview, Products/Services/Solutions Offered, MnM View, Key Strengths and Right to Win, Strategic Choices Made, Weaknesses and Competitive Threats, Recent Developments might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
15    APPENDIX    217
15.1    DISCUSSION GUIDE    217
15.2    KNOWLEDGESTORE: MARKETSANDMARKETS’ SUBSCRIPTION PORTAL    220
15.3    AVAILABLE CUSTOMIZATION    222
15.4    RELATED REPORTS    222
15.5    AUTHOR DETAILS    223"