The Private LTE & 5G Network Ecosystem: 2020 - 2030

Table of Content

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Table of Contents        Page Number
1    Chapter 1: Introduction    43
1.1    Executive Summary    43
1.2    Topics Covered    46
1.3    Forecast Segmentation    48
1.4    Key Questions Answered    50
1.5    Key Findings    52
1.6    Methodology    56
1.7    Target Audience    57
1.8    Companies & Organizations Mentioned    58
        
2    Chapter 2: An Overview of Private LTE/5G Networks    64
2.1    Private Wireless Networks    64
2.1.1    Addressing the Needs of the Critical Communications Industry    64
2.1.2    The Limitations of LMR (Land Mobile Radio) Networks    65
2.1.3    Growing Use of Commercial Mobile Broadband Technologies    66
2.1.4    Connectivity Requirements for the Industrial IoT (Internet of Things)    67
2.1.5    Localized Mobile Networks for Buildings, Campuses & Public Venues    67
2.2    LTE & 5G for Private Networking    68
2.2.1    Why LTE & 5G?    68
2.2.2    Performance Metrics    69
2.2.3    Coexistence, Interoperability and Spectrum Flexibility    69
2.2.4    A Thriving Ecosystem of Chipsets, Devices & Network Equipment    70
2.2.5    Economic Feasibility of Operation    70
2.2.6    Moving Towards LTE-Advanced & LTE-Advanced Pro    71
2.2.7    Private LTE Support in LTE-Advanced Pro    71
2.2.8    5G NR (New Radio) Capabilities & Usage Scenarios    72
2.2.8.1    eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband)    73
2.2.8.2    URLCC (Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications)    73
2.2.8.3    mMTC (Massive Machine-Type Communications)    74
2.3    Private LTE & 5G Network Operational Models    75
2.3.1    Independent Private Network    75
2.3.2    Managed Private Network    76
2.3.3    Shared Core Private Network    77
2.3.4    Hybrid Commercial-Private Network    78
2.3.5    Private MVNO: Commercial Network with a Private Mobile Core    79
2.3.6    Other Approaches    80
2.4    Key Applications of Private LTE & 5G Networks    80
2.4.1    Secure & Seamless Mobile Broadband Access    80
2.4.2    Bandwidth-Intensive & Latency-Sensitive Field Applications    80
2.4.3    Bulk Multimedia & Data Transfers    81
2.4.4    In-Building Coverage & Capacity    81
2.4.5    Seamless Roaming & Mobile VPN Access    82
2.4.6    Mission-Critical HD Voice & Group Communications    82
2.4.7    Video & High-Resolution Imagery    83
2.4.8    Massive-Scale Video Surveillance & Analytics    84
2.4.9    Messaging & Presence Services    84
2.4.10    Location Services & Mapping    85
2.4.11    Command & Control Systems    85
2.4.12    Smart Grid Operations    86
2.4.13    Environmental Monitoring    86
2.4.14    Industrial Automation    87
2.4.15    Connected Robotics    87
2.4.16    Machine Vision    87
2.4.17    AR/VR (Augmented & Virtual Reality)    88
2.4.18    Telehealth & Remote Surgery    88
2.4.19    High-Speed Railway Connectivity    88
2.4.20    PIS (Passenger Information Systems)    89
2.4.21    Delay-Sensitive Control of Railway Infrastructure    89
2.4.22    In-Flight Connectivity for Passengers & Airline Operators    90
2.4.23    Maritime Connectivity for Vessels & Offshore Facilities    90
2.4.24    Telemetry, Control & Remote Diagnostics    90
2.4.25    Unmanned Ground, Marine & Aerial Vehicles    91
2.5    Market Drivers    92
2.5.1    Recognition of LTE & 5G as the De-Facto Platform for Wireless Connectivity    92
2.5.2    Spectral Efficiency & Bandwidth Flexibility    92
2.5.3    Regional Interoperability & Cost Efficiency    93
2.5.4    Endorsement from the Critical Communications Industry    93
2.5.5    Emergence of Unlicensed & Shared Spectrum Technologies    94
2.5.6    Growing Demand for High-Speed & Low-Latency Data Applications    94
2.5.7    Limited Coverage in Indoor, Industrial & Remote Environments    95
2.5.8    Favorable Licensing Schemes for Localized LTE & 5G Networks    95
2.5.9    Control over QoS (Quality-of-Service)    96
2.5.10    Privacy & Security    96
2.6    Market Barriers    97
2.6.1    Lack of Licensed Spectrum for Wide-Area Coverage    97
2.6.2    Funding Challenges for Large-Scale Networks    97
2.6.3    Technical Complexities of Implementation & Operation    98
2.6.4    Smaller Coverage Footprint Than Legacy LMR Systems    98
2.6.5    Competition from IEEE 802.16s, AeroMACS, WiGRID & Other Technologies    98
2.6.6    Delayed Standardization    99
        
3    Chapter 3: System Architecture & Technologies for Private LTE/5G Networks    100
3.1    Architectural Components of Private LTE & 5G Networks    100
3.1.1    UE (User Equipment)    101
3.1.2    E-UTRAN – LTE RAN (Radio Access Network)    102
3.1.2.1    eNBs – LTE Base Stations    102
3.1.3    NG-RAN – 5G NR (New Radio) Access Network    103
3.1.3.1    gNBs – 5G NR Base Stations    104
3.1.3.2    en-gNBs – Secondary Node 5G NR Base Stations    104
3.1.3.3    ng-eNBs – Next Generation LTE Base Stations    105
3.1.4    Transport Network    105
3.1.4.1    Backhaul    105
3.1.4.2    Fronthaul & Midhaul    105
3.1.5    EPC (Evolved Packet Core) – The LTE Mobile Core    105
3.1.5.1    SGW (Serving Gateway)    106
3.1.5.2    PGW (Packet Data Network Gateway)    106
3.1.5.3    MME (Mobility Management Entity)    106
3.1.5.4    HSS (Home Subscriber Server)    107
3.1.5.5    PCRF (Policy Charging and Rules Function)    107
3.1.6    5GC (5G Core)/NGC (Next-Generation Core)    107
3.1.6.1    AMF (Access & Mobility Management Function)    109
3.1.6.2    UPF (User Plane Function)    109
3.1.6.3    SMF (Session Management Function)    109
3.1.6.4    PCF (Policy Control Function)    110
3.1.6.5    NEF (Network Exposure Function)    110
3.1.6.6    NRF (Network Repository Function)    110
3.1.6.7    UDM (Unified Data Management)    110
3.1.6.8    UDR (Unified Data Repository)    111
3.1.6.9    AUSF (Authentication Server Function)    111
3.1.6.10    AF (Application Function)    111
3.1.6.11    NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function)    111
3.1.6.12    NWDAF (Network Data Analytics Function)    112
3.1.6.13    Other Elements    112
3.1.7    IMS (IP-Multimedia Subsystem), Application & Service Elements    113
3.1.7.1    IMS Core & VoLTE/VoNR    113
3.1.7.2    eMBMS/FeMBMS – Broadcasting/Multicasting over LTE/5G Networks    114
3.1.7.3    ProSe (Proximity Services)    115
3.1.7.4    Group Communication & Mission-Critical Services    115
3.1.8    Gateways for LTE/5G-External Network Interworking    116
3.2    Key Enabling Technologies & Concepts    117
3.2.1    Critical Communications    117
3.2.1.1    MCPTT (Mission-Critical PTT) Voice & Group Communications    117
3.2.1.2    Mission-Critical Video & Data    117
3.2.1.3    ProSe (Proximity Services) for D2D Connectivity & Communications    118
3.2.1.4    IOPS (Isolated E-UTRAN Operation for Public Safety)    119
3.2.1.5    Deployable LTE & 5G Systems    120
3.2.1.6    UE Enhancements    121
3.2.2    Industrial IoT    122
3.2.2.1    eMTC, NB-IoT & mMTC: Wide Area & High Density IoT Applications    122
3.2.2.2    Techniques for URLLC    123
3.2.2.3    TSN (Time Sensitive Networking)    123
3.2.3    QPP (QoS, Priority & Preemption)    124
3.2.4    High-Precision Positioning    124
3.2.5    End-to-End Security    125
3.2.6    Quantum Cryptography Technologies    126
3.2.7    Licensed Spectrum Sharing & Aggregation    126
3.2.8    Unlicensed & Shared Spectrum Usage    127
3.2.8.1    CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service): Three-Tiered Sharing    127
3.2.8.2    LSA (Licensed Shared Access): Two-Tiered Sharing    128
3.2.8.3    sXGP (Shared Extended Global Platform): Non-Tiered Unlicensed Access    129
3.2.8.4    LTE-U/LAA (License Assisted Access) & eLAA (Enhanced LAA): Licensed & Unlicensed Spectrum Aggregation    129
3.2.8.5    MulteFire    130
3.2.8.6    5G NR-U    131
3.2.9    SDR (Software-Defined Radio)    131
3.2.10    Cognitive Radio & Spectrum Sensing    131
3.2.11    Wireless Connection Bonding    132
3.2.12    Network Sharing & Slicing    132
3.2.12.1    MOCN (Multi-Operator Core Network)    132
3.2.12.2    DECOR (Dedicated Core)    132
3.2.12.3    Network Slicing    133
3.2.13    Software-Centric Networking    134
3.2.13.1    NFV (Network Functions Virtualization)    134
3.2.13.2    SDN (Software Defined Networking)    134
3.2.14    Small Cells    135
3.2.15    C-RAN (Centralized RAN)    136
3.2.16    SON (Self-Organizing Networks)    137
3.2.17    MEC (Multi-Access Edge Computing)    137
3.2.18    Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning    138
3.2.19    Big Data & Advanced Analytics    139
        
4    Chapter 4: Vertical Markets, Case Studies & Private LTE/5G Engagements    140
4.1    Vertical Markets    140
4.1.1    Critical Communications & Industrial IoT    140
4.1.1.1    Public Safety    140
4.1.1.2    Military    142
4.1.1.3    Energy    143
4.1.1.4    Utilities    143
4.1.1.5    Mining    144
4.1.1.6    Transportation    145
4.1.1.7    Factories & Warehouses    146
4.1.1.8    Others    147
4.1.2    Enterprise & Campus Environments    148
4.1.3    Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts    148
4.2    Private LTE & 5G Network Case Studies    150
4.2.1    Agnico Eagle    150
4.2.2    Air France    152
4.2.3    ASTRID's BLM (Blue Light Mobile) Service    155
4.2.4    BBB (BB Backbone Corporation)    157
4.2.5    Beach Energy    159
4.2.6    Busan Transportation Corporation    162
4.2.7    China Southern Power Grid    164
4.2.8    Daimler/Mercedes-Benz Cars    166
4.2.9    EAN (European Aviation Network)    168
4.2.10    Elektro (Neoenergia/Iberdrola)    171
4.2.11    Enel Group    173
4.2.12    FirstNet (First Responder Network) Authority    176
4.2.13    France's PCSTORM Critical Communications Broadband Project    180
4.2.14    French Army    183
4.2.15    German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr)    186
4.2.16    Gold Fields    188
4.2.17    Halton Regional Police Service    190
4.2.18    Heathrow Airport    192
4.2.19    INET (Infrastructure Networks)    194
4.2.20    Kenyan Police Service    197
4.2.21    KMA (Korea Military Academy)    199
4.2.22    KRNA (Korea Rail Network Authority)    201
4.2.23    LG Chem    204
4.2.24    Nedaa    206
4.2.25    Ocado    208
4.2.26    PGA Tour    210
4.2.27    Port of Rotterdam    212
4.2.28    PSCA (Punjab Safe Cities Authority)    214
4.2.29    Qatar MOI (Ministry of Interior)    216
4.2.30    RESCAN (Canary Islands Network for Emergency and Security)    218
4.2.31    Rio Tinto Group    220
4.2.32    Rivas Vaciamadrid City Council    223
4.2.33    Royal Thai Police    225
4.2.34    Shanghai Police Department    228
4.2.35    South Korea’s Safe-Net (National Disaster Safety Communications Network)    230
4.2.36    Southern Linc    233
4.2.37    Tampnet    236
4.2.38    U.S. Navy    239
4.2.39    Ukkoverkot    241
4.2.40    UN (United Nations)    245
4.2.41    United Kingdom’s ESN (Emergency Services Network)    247
4.2.42    Zhengzhou Metro    252
4.3    Review of Other Private LTE & 5G Network Engagements    254
4.3.1    Asia Pacific    254
4.3.1.1    Bangladesh    254
4.3.1.2    Australia    254
4.3.1.3    China    256
4.3.1.4    Hong Kong    258
4.3.1.5    India    258
4.3.1.6    Indonesia    259
4.3.1.7    Japan    260
4.3.1.8    Laos    261
4.3.1.9    Malaysia    262
4.3.1.10    New Zealand    262
4.3.1.11    Pakistan    263
4.3.1.12    Philippines    264
4.3.1.13    Singapore    265
4.3.1.14    South Korea    266
4.3.1.15    Thailand    269
4.3.1.16    Other Countries    270
4.3.2    Europe    270
4.3.2.1    Austria    270
4.3.2.2    Belgium    271
4.3.2.3    Czech Republic    271
4.3.2.4    Denmark    272
4.3.2.5    Estonia    272
4.3.2.6    Finland    273
4.3.2.7    France    274
4.3.2.8    Germany    278
4.3.2.9    Hungary    280
4.3.2.10    Ireland    280
4.3.2.11    Italy    281
4.3.2.12    Netherlands    282
4.3.2.13    Norway    285
4.3.2.14    Poland    286
4.3.2.15    Portugal    286
4.3.2.16    Russia    286
4.3.2.17    Serbia    288
4.3.2.18    Slovenia    288
4.3.2.19    Spain    289
4.3.2.20    Sweden    291
4.3.2.21    Switzerland    293
4.3.2.22    Turkey    294
4.3.2.23    United Kingdom    295
4.3.2.24    Other Countries    298
4.3.3    Latin & Central America    298
4.3.3.1    Argentina    298
4.3.3.2    Bolivia    299
4.3.3.3    Brazil    299
4.3.3.4    Chile    301
4.3.3.5    Colombia    301
4.3.3.6    Ecuador    302
4.3.3.7    Mexico    302
4.3.3.8    Peru    303
4.3.3.9    Trinidad & Tobago    304
4.3.3.10    Venezuela    304
4.3.3.11    Other Countries    305
4.3.4    Middle East & Africa    305
4.3.4.1    Algeria    305
4.3.4.2    Cameroon    306
4.3.4.3    Côte d'Ivoire    306
4.3.4.4    Egypt    306
4.3.4.5    Ethiopia    306
4.3.4.6    GCC (Gulf Corporation Council) Countries    306
4.3.4.6.1    Oman    306
4.3.4.6.2    Qatar    307
4.3.4.6.3    Saudi Arabia    307
4.3.4.6.4    United Arab Emirates    308
4.3.4.7    Ghana    310
4.3.4.8    Iraq    310
4.3.4.9    Israel    310
4.3.4.10    Jordan    311
4.3.4.11    Kenya    311
4.3.4.12    Lebanon    312
4.3.4.13    Madagascar    312
4.3.4.14    Mali    312
4.3.4.15    Mauritius    312
4.3.4.16    Morocco    312
4.3.4.17    Nigeria    313
4.3.4.18    Republic of the Congo    313
4.3.4.19    South Africa    313
4.3.4.20    Zambia    314
4.3.4.21    Other Countries    315
4.3.5    North America    315
4.3.5.1    Canada    315
4.3.5.2    United States    318
        
5    Chapter 5: Spectrum Availability, Allocation & Usage    324
5.1    Frequency Bands for Private LTE & 5G Networks    324
5.1.1    Licensed Spectrum for Local, Regional & National Private Networks    324
5.1.1.1    200/230 MHz    324
5.1.1.2    400/420/450 MHz    325
5.1.1.3    600 MHz    327
5.1.1.4    700 MHz    327
5.1.1.5    800 MHz    329
5.1.1.6    900 MHz    330
5.1.1.7    1.4 GHz    330
5.1.1.8    1.8 GHz    331
5.1.1.9    1.9 GHz    332
5.1.1.10    2.1 GHz    333
5.1.1.11    2.3 GHz    333
5.1.1.12    2.4 GHz    333
5.1.1.13    2.5 GHz    334
5.1.1.14    2.6 GHz    334
5.1.1.15    3.5 GHz    335
5.1.1.16    3.6 GHz    335
5.1.1.17    3.7 GHz    336
5.1.1.18    4.6 – 4.8 GHz    336
5.1.1.19    4.9 GHz    336
5.1.1.20    5.9 GHz    337
5.1.1.21    26 GHz    337
5.1.1.22    28 GHz    338
5.1.1.23    Other Bands    338
5.1.2    Shared Access Spectrum    339
5.1.2.1    2.3 GHz LSA Band    339
5.1.2.2    3.5 GHz (3.55 – 3.7 GHz) CBRS Band    339
5.1.2.3    3.7 – 4.2 GHz C-Band    340
5.1.2.4    8 GHz    340
5.1.2.5    26 GHz    341
5.1.2.6    28 GHz    341
5.1.2.7    37 GHz    341
5.1.2.8    Others Bands    341
5.1.3    License Exempt Spectrum    342
5.1.3.1    470/800/900 MHz    342
5.1.3.2    1.8 GHz DECT Guard Band    342
5.1.3.3    1.9 GHz sXGP/DECT Band    343
5.1.3.4    2.4 GHz    343
5.1.3.5    5 GHz    343
5.1.3.6    6 GHz (5.925 – 7.125 GHz)    344
5.1.3.7    57 – 71 GHz    344
5.1.3.8    Other Bands    344
5.2    Spectrum Regulation, Sharing & Management    345
5.2.1    National Frequency Regulators    345
5.2.1.1    Identification & Allocation of Spectrum for Private LTE/5G Networks    345
5.2.2    ITU-R (International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector)    345
5.2.2.1    International & Regional Harmonization of Spectrum    345
5.2.3    CEPT (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations)    346
5.2.3.1    ECC (Electronic Communications Committee): Common Policies for Private LTE/5G Spectrum in Europe    346
5.2.3.2    Broadband PPDR (Public Protection and Disaster Relief) Networks    347
5.2.3.3    Radio Spectrum for Railway Applications    347
5.2.4    ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)    348
5.2.4.1    Standards for the Implementation of LSA (Licensed Shared Access)    348
5.2.5    450 MHz Alliance    348
5.2.5.1    Promoting the Use of 450 MHz for LTE Networks    348
5.2.6    CBRS Alliance    349
5.2.6.1    OnGo Certification Program    349
5.2.7    DSA (Dynamic Spectrum Alliance)    349
5.2.7.1    Advocacy Efforts for the Dynamic Sharing of Spectrum    350
5.2.8    MulteFire Alliance    350
5.2.8.1    Release 1.0: LTE Operation in the Unlicensed 5 GHz Band    350
5.2.8.2    Release 1.1: Support for Industrial IoT & Sub-1/1.9/2.4 GHz Spectrum Bands    350
5.2.9    WInnForum (Wireless Innovation Forum)    351
5.2.9.1    SSC (Spectrum Sharing Committee): CBRS Standards    351
5.2.9.2    Other Committees    352
5.2.10    XGP (eXtended Global Platform) Forum    352
5.2.10.1    Development & Promotion of the sXGP Unlicensed LTE Service    352
        
6    Chapter 6: Standardization, Regulatory & Collaborative Initiatives    353
6.1    3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)    353
6.1.1    Releases 11-14: Public Safety & Critical Communications Features    354
6.1.2    Releases 13 & 14: eMTC, NB-IoT & Unlicensed Spectrum Support    355
6.1.3    Release 15: 5G NR, Mission-Critical Service Enhancements, & Additional Operating Bands    355
6.1.4    Release 16: 5G URLLC for Industrial IoT, 3GPP-LMR Interworking & Railway/Maritime Communications    357
6.1.5    Release 17 & Beyond: 5G-Based Direct Mode, Broadcast & New Vertical Applications    359
6.2    5G PPP (5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership)/5G-IA (5G Infrastructure Association)    360
6.2.1    Private 5G-Related Activities    360
6.3    5G-ACIA (5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation)    361
6.3.1    Industrial Domain Requirements in 5G Standardization, Regulation, Spectrum Allocation & Operator Models    361
6.4    AGURRE (Association of Major Users of Operational Radio Networks, France)    362
6.4.1    Advocacy Efforts for Private LTE/5G Networks in the Transportation & Energy Sectors    362
6.5    APCO (Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials) International    362
6.5.1    Public Safety LTE/5G Advocacy Efforts    363
6.5.2    ANS 2.106.1-2019: Standard for PSG (Public Safety Grade) Site Hardening Requirements    363
6.6    ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions)    363
6.6.1    Standardization Efforts Relevant to Private & Critical Communications LTE/5G Networks    364
6.7    BTG (Dutch Association of Large-Scale ICT & Telecommunications Users)    364
6.7.1    KMBG (Dutch Critical Mobile Broadband Users) Expert Group    365
6.7.2    Private LTE /5G-Related Lobbying Efforts    365
6.8    B-TrunC (Broadband Trunking Communication) Industry Alliance    365
6.8.1    B-TrunC Standard for LTE-Based Critical Communications    365
6.9    CAMET (China Association of Metros)    366
6.9.1    Adoption of LTE as the Communications Standard for Urban Rail Systems    366
6.9.2    LTE-M: Specification for Urban Rail Transit Onboard-to-Wayside Communications    366
6.10    CEA (Canadian Electricity Association)    367
6.10.1    PVNO (Private Virtual Network Operator) System for Electric Utilities    367
6.11    CRC (Communications Research Centre Canada)    367
6.11.1    Interoperability Research and Evaluation of Public Safety LTE/5G Networks    367
6.12    DRDC (Defence Research and Development Canada)    368
6.12.1    R&D Efforts in Public Safety & Military LTE/5G Networks    368
6.13    ENTELEC (Energy Telecommunications and Electrical Association)    369
6.13.1    Policy Advocacy & Other Activities Related to Private LTE/5G Networks    369
6.14    ERA (European Union Agency for Railways)    369
6.14.1    Project on the Evolution of Railway Radio Communication    369
6.15    ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)    370
6.15.1    TCCE (TETRA and Critical Communications Evolution) Technical Committee    370
6.15.1.1    Standards & Guidelines for Critical Communications Broadband    371
6.15.2    CTI (Center for Testing and Interoperability)    372
6.15.2.1    MCX (Mission-Critical PTT, Video & Data) Plugtests    372
6.15.3    TC RT (Technical Committee for Rail Telecommunications)    372
6.15.3.1    FRMCS (Future Railway Mobile Communication System)-Related Standardization Activities    372
6.15.4    Other Technical Committees & Private LTE/5G-Related Standards    373
6.16    EUTC (European Utilities Telecom Council)    373
6.16.1    LTE & 5G-Related Work    373
6.17    EWA (Enterprise Wireless Alliance)    373
6.17.1    Frequency Coordination & Spectrum Advocacy for Private Wireless Networks    374
6.18    GCF (Global Certification Forum)    374
6.18.1    Certification of LTE/5G Devices for Public Safety & Other Critical Communications Networks    374
6.19    Home Office, United Kingdom    375
6.19.1    Public Safety LTE/5G Standardization Efforts    375
6.20    IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)    376
6.20.1    Standards & Protocols for Mission-Critical Services over LTE & 5G Networks    376
6.21    IGOF (International Governmental Operators’ Forum)    376
6.21.1    Addressing Broadband-Related Issues in Critical Communications    376
6.22    JRC (Joint Radio Company)    377
6.22.1    Frequency Management for Private Radio Networks    377
6.22.2    Spectrum Advocacy for the United Kingdom's Utility Operators    377
6.22.3    Addressing the Impact of 5G on Electric Utilities    378
6.23    KRRI (Korea Railroad Research Institute)    378
6.23.1    LTE-Based KRTCS (Korean Radio-Based Train Control System)    378
6.24    MCOP (Mission-Critical Open Platform)    378
6.24.1    Open Platform for the Development of Standards-Compliant MCPTT Applications    379
6.25    PSBTA (Public Safety Broadband Technology Association)    379
6.25.1    Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Activities    379
6.26    PSCE (Public Safety Communications Europe)    380
6.26.1    Public Safety LTE/5G Standardization    380
6.26.2    BroadX Projects: Pan-European Interoperable Broadband Mobile System for Public Safety    380
6.27    PSCR (Public Safety Communications Research) Program    383
6.27.1    Technology Development & Standardization Efforts for Public Safety LTE/5G    383
6.28    PSTA (Public Safety Technology Alliance)    384
6.28.1    Certified Open Standards & APIs for Public Safety Communications    384
6.29    Public Safety Canada    384
6.29.1    Participation in the Federal PSBN (Public Safety Broadband Network) Task Team    384
6.30    Safe-Net Forum    385
6.30.1    Guidance & Ecosystem Development for Public Safety LTE Networks    385
6.31    SCF (Small Cell Forum)    386
6.31.1    Specifications for Enterprise & Unlicensed Small Cells    386
6.32    Seamless Air Alliance    386
6.32.1    Technical Specifications and Recommendations for In-Flight LTE & 5G Connectivity    387
6.33    Shift2Rail    387
6.33.1    Railway Communications-Related R&D Efforts    387
6.33.1.1    TD (Technical Demonstrator) 2.1: Development of a New Communication System    388
6.34    TCCA (The Critical Communications Association)    388
6.34.1    CCBG (Critical Communications Broadband Group)    389
6.34.2    BIG (Broadband Industry Group)    389
6.35    TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)    390
6.35.1    TR-8.8: Subcommittee on Broadband Data Systems    390
6.36    TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association, South Korea)    390
6.36.1    Functional Requirements for Public Safety LTE    390
6.36.2    LTE-R (LTE Based Railway Communication System)    391
6.36.3    LTE-M (LTE-Maritime)    391
6.37    U.S. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)    391
6.37.1    CTL (Communications Technology Laboratory): R&D Leadership for FirstNet    392
6.38    U.S. NPSTC (National Public Safety Telecommunications Council)    392
6.38.1    Early Leadership in Public Safety LTE    393
6.38.2    LMR-LTE Integration, Deployable Systems & Other Work    393
6.39    U.S. NTIA (National Telecommunications and Information Administration)    393
6.39.1    FirstNet Governance & Funding    393
6.39.2    Other Work Related to Private & Critical Communications LTE/5G Networks    394
6.40    UBBA (Utility Broadband Alliance)    394
6.40.1    Efforts to Advance Private Broadband Networks for Utilities    394
6.41    UIC (International Union of Railways)    395
6.41.1    Replacing GSM-R with Next-Generation Wireless Technologies    395
6.41.2    FRMCS (Future Railway Mobile Communication System) Project    395
6.42    UNIFE (The European Rail Supply Industry Association)    396
6.42.1    UNITEL Committee: Development & Implementation of Future Interoperable Railway Communications Systems    396
6.43    UTC (Utilities Technology Council)    397
6.43.1    LTE & 5G-Related Advocacy, Technology Development & Policy Efforts    397
6.44    UTCAL (Utilities Telecom & Technology Council América Latina)    397
6.44.1    Promoting the Adoption of Private LTE/5G Systems for Latin American Utilities    398
6.45    Vendor-Led Alliances    398
6.45.1    Huawei's eLTE Industry Alliance    398
6.45.2    Nokia's Mission Critical Communications Alliance    398
6.45.3    L3Harris' Mission Critical Alliance    399
6.46    Others    399
6.46.1    National Government Agencies & Regulators    399
6.46.2    Regional & Country-Specific Associations    400
6.46.3    Global Industry Associations & Organizations    401
        
7    Chapter 7: Future Roadmap & Value Chain    404
7.1    Future Roadmap    404
7.1.1    Pre-2020: Continued Investments for Both Mission & Business Critical Needs    404
7.1.2    2020 – 2025: Commercial Maturity of Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum & Private 5G Infrastructure    407
7.1.3    2025 – 2030: Mass-Market Adoption of Private LTE/5G Networks for Vertical Industries    408
7.2    Value Chain    408
7.2.1    Enabling Technology Providers    409
7.2.2    RAN, Mobile Core & Transport Infrastructure Suppliers    410
7.2.3    Terminal Equipment Vendors    410
7.2.4    System Integrators    410
7.2.5    Application Developers    410
7.2.6    Test, Measurement & Performance Specialists    411
7.2.7    Mobile Operators    411
7.2.8    MVNOs    411
7.2.9    Vertical Industries, Enterprises & Other End Users    411
        
8    Chapter 8: Key Ecosystem Players    413
8.1    4K Solutions    413
8.2    ABB    415
8.3    Accelleran    416
8.4    Accton Technology Corporation/IgniteNet    417
8.5    Accuver/Qucell/InnoWireless    418
8.6    Ace Technologies Corporation    420
8.7    AceAxis    421
8.8    Adax    422
8.9    ADLINK Technology    423
8.10    ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies)    424
8.11    ADTRAN    425
8.12    ADVA Optical Networking    427
8.13    Advantech    428
8.14    Aegex Technologies    429
8.15    Affarii Technologies    430
8.16    Affirmed Networks    431
8.17    Airbus/SLC (Secure Land Communications)    432
8.18    Airgain    434
8.19    Airrays    435
8.20    Airspan Networks/Dense Air/Mimosa Networks    436
8.21    Airwavz Solutions    438
8.22    Alea/Talkway    439
8.23    Alepo    440
8.24    Alliander (450connect/Utility Connect)    441
8.25    Allied Telesis    442
8.26    Alpha Networks    443
8.27    Alpha Technologies/EnerSys    444
8.28    Alstom    445
8.29    Altaeros    446
8.30    Altair Semiconductor    447
8.31    ALTÁN Redes    448
8.32    Altice USA    449
8.33    Altiostar Networks    450
8.34    Altran    451
8.35    Alvarion Technologies/SuperCom    453
8.36    AM Telecom    455
8.37    Amarisoft    456
8.38    Amazon    457
8.39    Ambra Solutions/Ecotel    458
8.40    Amdocs    460
8.41    American Tower Corporation    462
8.42    Amit Wireless    463
8.43    Amphenol Corporation    464
8.44    Anktion (Fujian) Technology    465
8.45    Anritsu Corporation    466
8.46    ANS (Advanced Network Services)    467
8.47    Antenna Company    468
8.48    Anterix (pdvWireless)    469
8.49    Apple    470
8.50    Aqura Technologies (Veris)    471
8.51    Arcadyan Technology Corporation    472
8.52    Archos    473
8.53    Arete M    474
8.54    Argela/Netsia    475
8.55    ArgoNET    477
8.56    ARM    478
8.57    Arqiva    479
8.58    Artemis Networks/Rearden    480
8.59    Artesyn Embedded Computing/SMART Global Holdings    481
8.60    Artiza Networks    482
8.61    ASELSAN    483
8.62    ASOCS    485
8.63    Assured Wireless Corporation    486
8.64    ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute)    487
8.65    ASUS (ASUSTeK Computer)/Askey Computer Corporation/Aaeon Technology    489
8.66    AT&T    490
8.67    Atel Antennas    491
8.68    Athonet    492
8.69    ATN International/Geoverse    493
8.70    Atos/Air-Lynx    494
8.71    AttoCore    495
8.72    Avanti Communications Group    496
8.73    AVI    497
8.74    Aviat Networks    498
8.75    Axon    500
8.76    Axxcelera Broadband Wireless (Axxcss Wireless Solutions)    501
8.77    Axxcss Wireless Solutions    502
8.78    Azcom Technology    503
8.79    Azetti Networks    504
8.80    BAE Systems    505
8.81    BAI Communications/Transit Wireless    506
8.82    Baicells Technologies    507
8.83    BandRich    508
8.84    BandwidthX    509
8.85    Barrett Communications    510
8.86    BARTEC/Pixavi    511
8.87    BATS (Broadband Antenna Tracking Systems)    512
8.88    Baylin Technologies (Galtronics Corporation, Advantech Wireless, Alga Microwave)    513
8.89    BCE (Bell Canada)    515
8.90    BEC Technologies    516
8.91    Beeper Communications    517
8.92    Benetel    518
8.93    BesoVideo    519
8.94    Billion Electric    520
8.95    Bird Technologies    521
8.96    Bittium Corporation    522
8.97    Black & Veatch    524
8.98    Black Box Corporation    525
8.99    Blackned    526
8.100    Blue Danube Systems    527
8.101    Blue Wireless    528
8.102    Bluebird    529
8.103    BLUnet (Axpo WZ-Systems)    530
8.104    Boingo Wireless    531
8.105    Bombardier    532
8.106    Booz Allen Hamilton    533
8.107    Bouygues Telecom    534
8.108    Boxchip    535
8.109    Broadcom    536
8.110    BroadForward    537
8.111    Broadpeak    538
8.112    BTI Wireless    539
8.113    Bullitt/Cat Phones (Caterpillar)/Land Rover Explore    540
8.114    Bureau Veritas/7Layers    541
8.115    BVSystems (Berkeley Varitronics Systems)    542
8.116    C Spire    543
8.117    CableFree (Wireless Excellence)    544
8.118    CableLabs/Kyrio    545
8.119    CACI International/LGS Innovations    546
8.120    CalAmp/LoJack    548
8.121    Cambium Networks    549
8.122    Cambridge Consultants    550
8.123    CapX Nederland    551
8.124    Casa Systems/NetComm Wireless    552
8.125    Casio Computer Company    554
8.126    CCI (Communication Components Inc.)/BLiNQ Networks    555
8.127    CCI Systems    556
8.128    CCN (Cirrus Core Networks)    557
8.129    CellAntenna Corporation    558
8.130    Cellnex Telecom    559
8.131    cellXica    560
8.132    Centerline Communications    561
8.133    Ceragon Networks    562
8.134    Challenge Networks    563
8.135    Charter Communications    564
8.136    Chemring Technology Solutions    565
8.137    Cheytec Telecommunications    566
8.138    China Mobile    567
8.139    China Telecom    568
8.140    China Unicom    569
8.141    CHPC (Cirtek Holdings Philippines Corporation)/ Quintel    570
8.142    CICT (China Information and Communication Technology Group)/China Xinke Group    571
8.143    Ciena Corporation    573
8.144    Cirpack    574
8.145    Cisco Systems    575
8.146    Cloudstreet    577
8.147    Cobham Wireless    578
8.148    Codan Communications    579
8.149    Coherent Logix    580
8.150    Collinear Networks    581
8.151    Collins Aerospace/United Technologies Corporation    582
8.152    Comba Telecom    583
8.153    Comcast Corporation    585
8.154    COMLAB    586
8.155    CommAgility    587
8.156    CommScope/ARRIS International/Ruckus Networks    588
8.157    Comrod Communication Group    590
8.158    Comtech Telecommunications Corporation    591
8.159    CONET Technologies    592
8.160    Connect Tech    593
8.161    Contela    594
8.162    Coolpad    595
8.163    Cornet Technology    596
8.164    Corning/SpiderCloud Wireless/iBwave Solutions    597
8.165    Cox Communications    599
8.166    Cradlepoint    600
8.167    Crown Castle International Corporation    601
8.168    CS Corporation    602
8.169    Cubic Corporation/Deltenna    603
8.170    CybertelBridge    604
8.171    Dali Wireless    605
8.172    DAMM Cellular Systems    606
8.173    DBcom    607
8.174    DEKRA    608
8.175    Dell Technologies    609
8.176    Delta/Agema    610
8.177    Dialogic    611
8.178    Digi International    612
8.179    Digital Bridge Holdings/Colony Capital    613
8.180    Digital Colony/Freshwave Group    614
8.181    D-Link Corporation    615
8.182    DMI    616
8.183    DragonWave-X    617
8.184    Druid Software    618
8.185    DT (Deutsche Telekom)    619
8.186    Duons    620
8.187    Durabook (Twinhead International Corporation)    621
8.188    Easycom (Shenzhen Easycom Electronics)    622
8.189    E-Band Communications (Axxcss Wireless Solutions)    623
8.190    EchoStar Corporation/Hughes Network Systems    624
8.191    ECI Telecom    625
8.192    Ecom Instruments/Pepperl+Fuchs    626
8.193    EE/BT Group    627
8.194    EION Wireless    628
8.195    Ekinops/OneAccess    629
8.196    Elbit Systems    630
8.197    Elefante Group    631
8.198    Elisa    632
8.199    Elistair    633
8.200    ELUON Corporation    634
8.201    Embraer    635
8.202    Emerson    636
8.203    Encore Networks    637
8.204    ENENSYS Technologies/Expway    638
8.205    Enexis    639
8.206    Epiroc    640
8.207    Ericsson    641
8.208    Essential Products    643
8.209    Estalky (K-Mobile Technology)    644
8.210    ETELM    645
8.211    eTera Communication/Sinotech R&D Group    646
8.212    Etherstack    647
8.213    Ethertronics/AVX Corporation (Kyocera)    648
8.214    ETRI (Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea)    649
8.215    Etteplan    650
8.216    Excelerate Group    651
8.217    EXFO/Astellia    652
8.218    Expeto    653
8.219    ExteNet Systems    654
8.220    Eyecom Telecommunications Group    655
8.221    Facebook    656
8.222    Fairspectrum    659
8.223    Fairwaves    660
8.224    Fastback Networks (CBF Networks)    661
8.225    FCNT (Fujitsu Connected Technologies)/JEMS (Japan EM Solutions)    662
8.226    Federated Wireless    663
8.227    Fenix Group    665
8.228    Fibocom Wireless    666
8.229    Flash Private Mobile Networks    667
8.230    Flightcell International    668
8.231    Fraunhofer FOKUS (Institute for Open Communication Systems)    669
8.232    Fraunhofer HHI (Heinrich Hertz Institute)    670
8.233    Fraunhofer IIS (Institute for Integrated Circuits)    671
8.234    Fraunhofer IPT (Institute for Production Technology)    672
8.235    Frequentis    673
8.236    FRTek    674
8.237    Fujian BelFone Communications Technology    675
8.238    Fujitsu    676
8.239    Funk-Electronic Piciorgros    678
8.240    Funkwerk    679
8.241    Future Technologies Venture    680
8.242    GCT Semiconductor    681
8.243    GE (General Electric)    682
8.244    Gemalto (Thales)    683
8.245    Gemtek Technology    684
8.246    Genaker    685
8.247    General Dynamics Mission Systems    686
8.248    GenXComm    688
8.249    Geotab    689
8.250    Getac Technology Corporation    690
8.251    Gilat Satellite Networks    691
8.252    Globalstar    692
8.253    Gogo    693
8.254    Goodman Networks    694
8.255    Goodmill Systems    695
8.256    Google/Alphabet    696
8.257    Green Packet    698
8.258    GRENTECH    699
8.259    GroupTalk    700
8.260    GSI (GS Instech)/GST (GS Teletech)    701
8.261    GWT (Global Wireless Technologies)    702
8.262    Halys    703
8.263    Handheld Group    704
8.264    HAPSMobile/AeroVironment    705
8.265    Harbor Max    706
8.266    HBFEC (Hebei Far East Communication System Engineering)    707
8.267    HCL Technologies    708
8.268    HFR    709
8.269    HISPASAT Group    710
8.270    Hitachi/Hitachi Rail STS    711
8.271    HMD Global    713
8.272    Hoimyung ICT    714
8.273    Hon Hai Precision Industry/Foxconn Technology Group/Sharp Corporation    715
8.274    Honeywell International    717
8.275    Hoverfly Technologies    718
8.276    HP    719
8.277    HPE (Hewlett Packard Enterprise)    720
8.278    HTC Corporation    722
8.279    Huawei/HiSilicon    723
8.280    Huber+Suhner    726
8.281    Hytera Communications/Sepura/Teltronic    727
8.282    IAI (Israel Aerospace Industries)/Elta Systems    729
8.283    IBM Corporation/Red Hat    730
8.284    Ice Group    732
8.285    Icom    733
8.286    IDEMIA    734
8.287    IDY Corporation    735
8.288    IMPTT    736
8.289    Indra    737
8.290    INET (Infrastructure Networks)    738
8.291    Infinera/Coriant    739
8.292    Infomark Corporation    740
8.293    Infovista    741
8.294    Inmarsat    742
8.295    Inrico (Shenzhen Inrico Electronics)    743
8.296    Inseego Corporation    744
8.297    Instant Connect    745
8.298    Intel Corporation    746
8.299    Intelsat    748
8.300    InterDigital    749
8.301    Interop Technologies    750
8.302    Intracom Telecom    751
8.303    IoT4Net    752
8.304    ip.access    753
8.305    IPITEK (Integrated Photonics Technology)    755
8.306    IPLOOK Networks    756
8.307    Iradio Electronics    757
8.308    Iridium Communications    758
8.309    ISCO International    759
8.310    Iskratel    760
8.311    IS-Wireless    761
8.312    Italtel/Exprivia    762
8.313    ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan)    763
8.314    IWT (Innovative Wireless Technologies)    764
8.315    Jaton Technology    765
8.316    JCI (Japan Communications Inc.)/Contour Networks    766
8.317    JMA Wireless/PHAZR    767
8.318    JRC (Japan Radio Company)    768
8.319    Juni Global    770
8.320    Juniper Networks    771
8.321    JVCKENWOOD Corporation/Zetron    772
8.322    Kalmar (Cargotec)    773
8.323    Kathrein Mobile Communication (Ericsson)    774
8.324    KBR    775
8.325    Key Bridge Wireless    776
8.326    Keysight Technologies    777
8.327    Kirisun Communications    779
8.328    Kisan Telecom    780
8.329    Klas Telecom    781
8.330    Klein Electronics    782
8.331    Kleos    783
8.332    KMW    784
8.333    Komatsu/Modular Mining Systems    785
8.334    Konecranes    786
8.335    KPN/KPN Critical Communications    787
8.336    KT Corporation    788
8.337    Kudelski Group    789
8.338    KUKA    790
8.339    Kumu Networks    791
8.340    K-Won/Hunter Technology    792
8.341    Kymeta Corporation    793
8.342    Kyocera Corporation    794
8.343    L3Harris Technologies    795
8.344    Landmark Dividend    797
8.345    LCR Embedded Systems    798
8.346    Leidos    799
8.347    Lemko Corporation    800
8.348    Lenovo/Motorola Mobility    801
8.349    Leonardo    803
8.350    LG Corporation/LG Electronics/LG Innotek    804
8.351    LG Uplus    805
8.352    Ligado Networks    806
8.353    Lime Microsystems    807
8.354    Lisheng Fujian Communications    808
8.355    Lociva    809
8.356    Lockheed Martin Corporation    810
8.357    LS telcom    811
8.358    Marlink Group    812
8.359    Martin UAV    813
8.360    Marvell Technology Group    814
8.361    Mavenir Systems    815
8.362    MediaTek    817
8.363    Mellanox Technologies    818
8.364    MER Group    819
8.365    Metaswitch Networks    820
8.366    Metro Network Services    821
8.367    Microlab    822
8.368    Microsoft Corporation    823
8.369    Microwave Networks    824
8.370    MitraStar Technology Corporation    825
8.371    Mitsubishi Electric Corporation    826
8.372    Mobile Tornado    827
8.373    MobileDemand    828
8.374    Mobilicom    829
8.375    Mobilitie    830
8.376    Motorola Solutions    831
8.377    MP Antenna    835
8.378    MTI (Microelectronics Technology, Inc.)    836
8.379    Multi-Tech Systems    837
8.380    Mushroom Networks    838
8.381    Mutualink    839
8.382    MVM NET    840
8.383    MYT Electronics    841
8.384    N.A.T.    842
8.385    Nash Technologies    844
8.386    NEC Corporation    845
8.387    Nemergent Solutions    847
8.388    Neolink Communications Technology    848
8.389    Neptune Mobile    849
8.390    Net1 International    850
8.391    Netas    851
8.392    NetCity (GEOS Telecom/GEOS Holding)    852
8.393    Netgear    853
8.394    NetMotion Software    854
8.395    NetNumber    855
8.396    NETSCOUT Systems    856
8.397    Neutral Connect Networks/Connectivity Wireless Solutions (M/C Partners)    857
8.398    New Postcom Equipment    858
8.399    Nextivity    859
8.400    NI (National Instruments)    860
8.401    Node-H    861
8.402    Nokia    862
8.403    Nominet    864
8.404    Nordic Telecom    865
8.405    Northrop Grumman Corporation    866
8.406    Nsight/Cellcom    867
8.407    Nubia Technology (ZTE)    868
8.408    NuRAN Wireless/Nutaq Innovation    869
8.409    NXP Semiconductors    870
8.410    Oceus Networks    871
8.411    Octasic    873
8.412    ODN (Orbital Data Network)    874
8.413    Omnitele    875
8.414    One2many    876
8.415    OneWeb    877
8.416    OPPO/Vivo/OnePlus/Realme (BBK Electronics Corporation)    878
8.417    Oracle Communications    879
8.418    Orange    880
8.419    Orion Labs    881
8.420    PacStar (Pacific Star Communications)    882
8.421    Panasonic Corporation/Panasonic Avionics Corporation/AeroMobile Communications    883
8.422    Panda Electronics    884
8.423    Panorama Antennas    885
8.424    Parallel Wireless    886
8.425    Parsons Corporation    887
8.426    Pavlov Media    888
8.427    PCTEL    889
8.428    PCTEST Lab (PCTEST Engineering Laboratory)    890
8.429    Pei Tel Communications/Peiker    891
8.430    Pentonet    892
8.431    Pepro    893
8.432    Perspecta Labs    894
8.433    Phluido    895
8.434    Pierson Wireless    896
8.435    Plover Bay Technologies (Peplink/Pepwave)    897
8.436    PoCStar (Shanli Tongyi Information Technology)    898
8.437    Polaris Networks    899
8.438    Potevio    900
8.439    PRESCOM    901
8.440    PrioCom    902
8.441    PTI (Persistent Telecom Inc.)/NetGenuity/RIVA Networks    903
8.442    Publicis Sapient    905
8.443    Puloli    906
8.444    Qinetiq    907
8.445    QuadGen Wireless Solutions    908
8.446    Qualcomm    909
8.447    Quanta Computer/QCT (Quanta Cloud Technology)    911
8.448    Quantum Wireless    912
8.449    Quectel Wireless Solutions    913
8.450    Qulsar    914
8.451    Quortus    915
8.452    RACOM Corporation    917
8.453    RAD Data Communications    918
8.454    Radio IP Software    919
8.455    Radisys Corporation/Reliance Industries    920
8.456    RADWIN    922
8.457    Rafael Advanced Defense Systems    923
8.458    Rajant Corporation    924
8.459    Range Networks    925
8.460    Raycap/STEALTH Concealment Solutions    926
8.461    Raytheon Company    927
8.462    Red Rover    928
8.463    RED Technologies    929
8.464    REDCOM Laboratories/IMSWorkX    930
8.465    Redline Communications    931
8.466    REMEC Broadband Wireless Networks/Bridgewave Communications/SAGE SatCom (Axxcss Wireless Solutions)    932
8.467    Rescue 42/PodRunner    933
8.468    RF Window    934
8.469    RFS (Radio Frequency Systems)    935
8.470    Ribbon Communications    936
8.471    Rivada Networks    937
8.472    Robert Bosch    938
8.473    Robustel    939
8.474    Rogers Communications    940
8.475    Rohde & Schwarz    941
8.476    Rohill    942
8.477    Rosenberger    943
8.478    RTX A/S    944
8.479    RugGear    945
8.480    Ruijie Networks    946
8.481    S&T/Kontron/Kapsch CarrierCom    947
8.482    Saab    948
8.483    SafeMobile    949
8.484    Safran/ZII (Zodiac Inflight Innovations)    950
8.485    SAI Technology    951
8.486    SAIC (Science Applications International Corporation)    952
8.487    Samji Electronics    953
8.488    Samsung    954
8.489    Sandvik    956
8.490    Sanjole    957
8.491    SBA Communications Corporation    958
8.492    Schneider Electric    959
8.493    Seowon Intech    960
8.494    Sequans Communications    961
8.495    Sercomm Corporation    962
8.496    SES    963
8.497    SFR/Altice France    964
8.498    SGS    965
8.499    Sharp Corporation/Dynabook (Foxconn)    966
8.500    Shentel (Shenandoah Telecommunications Company)    967
8.501    Shenzhen Recoda Technologies    968
8.502    SIAE Microelettronica/SM Optics    969
8.503    Siemens/Siemens Mobility    970
8.504    Sierra Wireless    971
8.505    Signal Information & Communication Corporation    972
8.506    Siklu Communication    973
8.507    Silicom SAS (France)    974
8.508    Simoco Wireless Solutions    975
8.509    Singtel/Optus    976
8.510    SiRRAN Communications    977
8.511    SITRONICS    978
8.512    Siyata Mobile/Uniden    979
8.513    SK Telecom    980
8.514    SK Telesys    981
8.515    SLA Corporation/ESChat    982
8.516    SmartSky Networks    983
8.517    SoftBank Group/BBB (BB Backbone Corporation)    984
8.518    Softil    985
8.519    SOLiD    986
8.520    Soliton Systems    987
8.521    Sonim Technologies    988
8.522    Sony Corporation/Sony Mobile Communications    989
8.523    Sooktha    991
8.524    Southern Linc    992
8.525    Space Data Corporation    993
8.526    Spectra Group    994
8.527    Speedcast International    995
8.528    SPIE Group    996
8.529    Spirent Communications    997
8.530    Sporton International    999
8.531    Sprint Corporation    1000
8.532    SRS (Software Radio Systems)    1001
8.533    ST Engineering iDirect    1002
8.534    Star Microwave    1003
8.535    Star Solutions    1004
8.536    Steep    1006
8.537    Steveco    1007
8.538    STMicroelectronics    1008
8.539    sTraffic    1009
8.540    StrattoOpencell (Digital Colony/Freshwave Group)    1010
8.541    StreamWIDE    1011
8.542    Sumitomo Electric Industries    1012
8.543    Sunsea AIoT/SIMCom Wireless Solutions/Longsung Technology    1013
8.544    Suzhou Aquila Solutions (Aquila Wireless)    1014
8.545    Swisscom/Swisscom Broadcast    1015
8.546    Syniverse Technologies    1016
8.547    System Innovation Group    1017
8.548    T&W (Shenzhen Gongjin Electronics)    1018
8.549    TacSat Networks    1019
8.550    Tait Communications    1020
8.551    Talk-IP International    1021
8.552    Talkpod Technology    1022
8.553    Tampa Microwave (Thales)    1023
8.554    Tampnet    1024
8.555    Tango Networks    1025
8.556    Taoglas    1026
8.557    TASSTA    1027
8.558    Tata Elxsi    1028
8.559    TCL Communication (TCL/Alcatel/BlackBerry)    1029
8.560    TCOM    1030
8.561    TD Tech    1031
8.562    Tech Mahindra    1032
8.563    Technicolor    1033
8.564    Tecom    1034
8.565    Tecore Networks    1035
8.566    TEKTELIC Communications    1036
8.567    Telco Systems/BATM Advanced Communications    1037
8.568    Teldat    1038
8.569    Tele2 Russia/SkyLink    1039
8.570    Telecom26    1040
8.571    Telefónica Group    1041
8.572    Telenor Group/Telenor Maritime    1042
8.573    Telespazio (Leonardo/Thales)    1043
8.574    TeleWare/PMN (Private Mobile Networks)    1044
8.575    Teleworld Solutions    1045
8.576    Telia Company    1046
8.577    Telit Communications    1047
8.578    Tellabs    1048
8.579    Telo Systems Corporation    1049
8.580    Telrad Networks    1050
8.581    Telstra    1051
8.582    Telus    1052
8.583    Teracom Group/Net1 Sweden (Netett Sverige)    1053
8.584    TESSCO Technologies/Ventev    1054
8.585    Thales    1055
8.586    TI (Texas Instruments)    1057
8.587    Tillman Infrastructure    1058
8.588    TIM (Telecom Italia Mobile)    1059
8.589    TLC Solutions    1060
8.590    T-Mobile US    1061
8.591    TOKIE Solutions/Irvees Technology    1062
8.592    Toshiba Corporation    1063
8.593    Trópico/CPqD (Center for Research and Development in Telecommunications, Brazil)    1064
8.594    Twilio/CND (Core Network Dynamics)    1065
8.595    U.S. Cellular    1066
8.596    UANGEL    1067
8.597    U-Blox    1068
8.598    Ubicquia    1069
8.599    UK Broadband/Three UK (CK Hutchison Holdings)    1070
8.600    Ukkoverkot    1071
8.601    UL    1072
8.602    UNIMO Technology    1073
8.603    Unisoc    1074
8.604    UniStrong    1075
8.605    URSYS    1076
8.606    Utility (Utility Associates)    1077
8.607    Vanu    1078
8.608    Verizon Communications    1079
8.609    Vertical Bridge    1080
8.610    Verveba Telecom    1081
8.611    Viasat    1082
8.612    Viavi Solutions    1083
8.613    VINCI Energies/Koning & Hartman/Sysoco    1085
8.614    VinSmart/Vingroup    1086
8.615    Virtualnetcom/VNC (Virtual Network Communications)    1087
8.616    Vislink Technologies    1088
8.617    Vivint Internet    1089
8.618    VMware    1090
8.619    VNL (Vihaan Networks Limited)    1091
8.620    Vodafone Group    1092
8.621    Voentelecom    1093
8.622    Volvo CE (Construction Equipment)    1094
8.623    Voxer    1095
8.624    VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland    1096
8.625    VVDN Technologies    1097
8.626    Wave Wireless    1098
8.627    Wavetel Technology    1099
8.628    Westell Technologies    1100
8.629    WH Bence Group    1101
8.630    Widelity    1102
8.631    WIG (Wireless Infrastructure Group)    1103
8.632    Wildox (Shenzhen Happy Technology)    1104
8.633    Wipro    1105
8.634    Wireless Logic Group    1106
8.635    Wireless Technologies Finland    1107
8.636    Wireless Telecom Group    1108
8.637    WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation)    1109
8.638    Wouxun (Quanzhou Wouxun Electronics)    1111
8.639    WTL (World Telecom Labs)    1112
8.640    Wytec International    1113
8.641    XCOM/M87    1114
8.642    Xiaomi Corporation    1115
8.643    Xilinx    1116
8.644    XipLink/Sevis Systems    1117
8.645    Yageo Corporation/Pulse Electronics    1118
8.646    Yanton (Quanzhou Yanton Electronics)    1119
8.647    Yokogawa Electric Corporation    1120
8.648    Z-Com    1121
8.649    Zcomax Technologies    1122
8.650    Zebra Technologies    1123
8.651    Zello    1124
8.652    ZenFi Networks    1125
8.653    Zetel Solutions    1126
8.654    Zinwave/McWane    1127
8.655    Zmtel (Shanghai Zhongmi Communication Technology)    1128
8.656    ZTE/Caltta    1129
8.657    Zyxel Communications Corporation    1131
        
9    Chapter 9: Market Sizing & Forecasts    1132
9.1    Global Outlook for Private LTE & 5G Network Investments    1132
9.2    Segmentation by Submarket    1133
9.2.1    RAN    1133
9.2.2    Mobile Core    1134
9.2.3    Backhaul & Transport    1134
9.3    Segmentation by Technology    1135
9.3.1    Private LTE    1135
9.3.1.1    RAN    1136
9.3.1.2    Mobile Core    1137
9.3.1.3    Backhaul & Transport    1137
9.3.2    Private 5G    1138
9.3.2.1    RAN    1138
9.3.2.2    Mobile Core    1139
9.3.2.3    Backhaul & Transport    1140
9.4    Segmentation by Spectrum Type    1141
9.4.1    Licensed Spectrum    1142
9.4.2    Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum    1143
9.5    Segmentation by Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Frequency Band    1144
9.5.1    1.9 GHz sXGP/DECT    1145
9.5.2    2.4 GHz    1146
9.5.3    3.5 GHz CBRS    1147
9.5.4    5 GHz    1148
9.5.5    Other Bands    1149
9.6    Segmentation by Vertical Market    1150
9.6.1    Critical Communications & Industrial IoT    1151
9.6.1.1    RAN    1152
9.6.1.2    Mobile Core    1153
9.6.1.3    Backhaul & Transport    1153
9.6.2    Public Safety    1154
9.6.2.1    RAN    1155
9.6.2.2    Mobile Core    1156
9.6.2.3    Backhaul & Transport    1156
9.6.3    Military    1157
9.6.3.1    RAN    1158
9.6.3.2    Mobile Core    1159
9.6.3.3    Backhaul & Transport    1159
9.6.4    Energy    1160
9.6.4.1    RAN    1161
9.6.4.2    Mobile Core    1162
9.6.4.3    Backhaul & Transport    1162
9.6.5    Utilities    1163
9.6.5.1    RAN    1164
9.6.5.2    Mobile Core    1165
9.6.5.3    Backhaul & Transport    1165
9.6.6    Mining    1166
9.6.6.1    RAN    1167
9.6.6.2    Mobile Core    1168
9.6.6.3    Backhaul & Transport    1168
9.6.7    Transportation    1169
9.6.7.1    RAN    1170
9.6.7.2    Mobile Core    1171
9.6.7.3    Backhaul & Transport    1171
9.6.8    Factories & Warehouses    1172
9.6.8.1    RAN    1173
9.6.8.2    Mobile Core    1174
9.6.8.3    Backhaul & Transport    1174
9.6.9    Other Critical Communications & Industrial IoT Sectors    1175
9.6.9.1    RAN    1176
9.6.9.2    Mobile Core    1177
9.6.9.3    Backhaul & Transport    1177
9.6.10    Enterprise & Campus Environments    1178
9.6.10.1    RAN    1179
9.6.10.2    Mobile Core    1180
9.6.10.3    Backhaul & Transport    1180
9.6.11    Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts    1181
9.6.11.1    RAN    1182
9.6.11.2    Mobile Core    1183
9.6.11.3    Backhaul & Transport    1183
9.7    Segmentation by Region    1184
9.7.1    Submarkets    1184
9.7.1.1    RAN    1184
9.7.1.2    Mobile Core    1185
9.7.1.3    Backhaul & Transport    1185
9.7.2    Vertical Markets    1186
9.7.2.1    Critical Communications & Industrial IoT    1186
9.7.2.2    Enterprise & Campus Environments    1189
9.7.2.3    Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts    1192
9.8    Asia Pacific    1195
9.8.1    Submarkets    1195
9.8.1.1    RAN    1195
9.8.1.2    Mobile Core    1196
9.8.1.3    Backhaul & Transport    1196
9.8.2    Vertical Markets    1197
9.8.2.1    Critical Communications & Industrial IoT    1197
9.8.2.2    Enterprise & Campus Environments    1200
9.8.2.3    Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts    1203
9.9    Eastern Europe    1206
9.9.1    Submarkets    1206
9.9.1.1    RAN    1206
9.9.1.2    Mobile Core    1207
9.9.1.3    Backhaul & Transport    1207
9.9.2    Vertical Markets    1208
9.9.2.1    Critical Communications & Industrial IoT    1208
9.9.2.2    Enterprise & Campus Environments    1211
9.9.2.3    Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts    1214
9.10    Latin & Central America    1217
9.10.1    Submarkets    1217
9.10.1.1    RAN    1217
9.10.1.2    Mobile Core    1218
9.10.1.3    Backhaul & Transport    1218
9.10.2    Vertical Markets    1219
9.10.2.1    Critical Communications & Industrial IoT    1219
9.10.2.2    Enterprise & Campus Environments    1222
9.10.2.3    Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts    1225
9.11    Middle East & Africa    1228
9.11.1    Submarkets    1228
9.11.1.1    RAN    1228
9.11.1.2    Mobile Core    1229
9.11.1.3    Backhaul & Transport    1229
9.11.2    Vertical Markets    1230
9.11.2.1    Critical Communications & Industrial IoT    1230
9.11.2.2    Enterprise & Campus Environments    1233
9.11.2.3    Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts    1236
9.12    North America    1239
9.12.1    Submarkets    1239
9.12.1.1    RAN    1239
9.12.1.2    Mobile Core    1240
9.12.1.3    Backhaul & Transport    1240
9.12.2    Vertical Markets    1241
9.12.2.1    Critical Communications & Industrial IoT    1241
9.12.2.2    Enterprise & Campus Environments    1244
9.12.2.3    Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts    1247
9.13    Western Europe    1250
9.13.1    Submarkets    1250
9.13.1.1    RAN    1250
9.13.1.2    Mobile Core    1251
9.13.1.3    Backhaul & Transport    1251
9.13.2    Vertical Markets    1252
9.13.2.1    Critical Communications & Industrial IoT    1252
9.13.2.2    Enterprise & Campus Environments    1255
9.13.2.3    Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts    1258
        
10    Chapter 10: Conclusion & Strategic Recommendations    1261
10.1    Why is the Market Poised to Grow?    1261
10.2    Competitive Industry Landscape: Acquisitions, Consolidation & Strategic Alliances    1262
10.3    Which Licensed Spectrum Bands Dominate the Market?    1263
10.3.1    Sub-500 MHz Bands    1263
10.3.2    700/800/900 MHz    1264
10.3.3    1.4 – 3.8 GHz    1264
10.3.4    Higher Frequencies    1264
10.4    Evolving Regulatory Environment for Spectrum Licensing    1265
10.5    Prospects of Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Networks    1266
10.6    Opportunities for Smaller Vendors & System Integrators    1268
10.7    Opening the Door to Industrial & Mission/Business-Critical IoT Services    1268
10.8    Delivering Ultra-Reliable, Low-Latency Wireless Connectivity for Industry 4.0    1269
10.9    Creating Smarter Cities with Dedicated Wireless Networks    1270
10.10    The Emergence of Private 5G Networks    1271
10.11    Practical Examples of Private 5G Network Applications    1272
10.11.1    UHD (Ultra-High Definition) Video Delivery    1272
10.11.2    Connected Robotics for Factory Automation    1272
10.11.3    Massive-Scale Sensor Networking    1273
10.11.4    AR-Assisted Industrial Applications    1273
10.11.5    VR-Based Military Training Programs    1273
10.11.6    AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles)    1274
10.11.7    Automated Cranes & Terminal Tractors    1274
10.11.8    Remote Control of Heavy Construction Machinery    1274
10.11.9    Drones for Mission-Critical Services    1274
10.11.10    Teleprotection for Smart Grids    1275
10.11.11    Port & Terminal Automation    1275
10.11.12    5G-Equipped Robots for the Inspection of Gas Leaks    1276
10.11.13    Smart Helmets for Critical Inspections    1276
10.11.14    Predictive Pipe Maintenance    1276
10.12    Continued Investments in Private LTE Networks for Public Safety & Critical Communications    1277
10.13    When Will LTE & 5G NR Replace GSM-R for Railway Communications?    1278
10.14    The Role of Mobile Operators    1279
10.14.1    Operator Built & Managed Nationwide Public Safety Broadband Networks    1279
10.14.2    Private MVNO Arrangements    1279
10.14.3    Operator-Branded LTE/5G Critical Communications Platforms    1280
10.14.4    Local Private LTE/5G Networks as a Managed Service    1280
10.14.5    Private LTE/5G Data Processing with Edge Computing    1281
10.14.6    Logical Slicing of Mobile Operator Network Assets    1281
10.14.7    Dedicated Access to Licensed Spectrum    1281
10.14.8    BYON (Build-Your-Own-Network) Solutions    1282
10.15    The Importance of Roaming in Private LTE & 5G Networks    1283
10.16    Neutral-Host & Wholesale Operators: New Business Models with Private LTE/5G Networks    1283
10.17    Growing Adoption of Deployable LTE & 5G-Ready Systems    1284
10.18    Strategic Recommendations    1284
10.18.1    Vertical Industries & End Users    1284
10.18.2    LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Suppliers    1285
10.18.3    System Integrators    1286
10.18.4    Commercial & Private Mobile Operators    1286
 

List of Figures        
    Figure 1: Basic Components of a Digital LMR Network    65
    Figure 2: LTE Connection Speed Compared to 3G & Wi-Fi Networks (Mbps)    69
    Figure 3: Global LTE & 5G Subscriptions: 2020 – 2030  (Millions)    70
    Figure 4: 5G Performance Requirements    72
    Figure 5: Independent Private LTE/5G Network    75
    Figure 6: Managed Private LTE/5G Network    76
    Figure 7: Shared Core Private LTE/5G Network    77
    Figure 8: Hybrid Commercial-Private LTE/5G Network    78
    Figure 9: Commercial LTE/5G Network with a Private Mobile Core    79
    Figure 10: Private LTE & 5G Network Architecture    100
    Figure 11: 5G NR-RAN Architecture    103
    Figure 12: 5GC (5G Core) Service-Based Architecture    108
    Figure 13: Sidelink Air Interface for ProSe (Proximity Services)    118
    Figure 14: Transition from Normal Backhaul Connectivity to Isolated E-UTRAN Operation    119
    Figure 15: Telefónica's Portable LTE NIB (Network-in-Box) System    120
    Figure 16: Use Cases of eMTC and NB-IoT Technologies    122
    Figure 17: End-to-End Security in Private LTE & 5G Networks    125
    Figure 18: Conceptual Architecture for End-to-End Network Slicing in Mobile Networks    133
    Figure 19: NFV Concept    134
    Figure 20: C-RAN Architecture    136
    Figure 21: Military LTE/5G Network Architecture    142
    Figure 22: Key Elements & RF Site Coverage of Air France's Private LTE Network    153
    Figure 23: Air France's LTE & 5G Adoption Roadmap    154
    Figure 24: IoT Services Over BBB's sXGP-Based Private LTE Network Platform    158
    Figure 25: Beach Energy's LTE-Equipped Vehicles    160
    Figure 26: Busan Transportation Corporation’s LTE-R Network    163
    Figure 27: Inmarsat and Deutsche Telekom's EAN (European Aviation Network)    169
    Figure 28: Enel's Future Vision for Private LTE & 5G Networks    174
    Figure 29: FirstNet Deployment Plan & Timeline    179
    Figure 30: Airbus' BLR-LTE Platform for the French Army    184
    Figure 31: Infrastructure Networks' Fast L2 Architecture    195
    Figure 32: Infrastructure Networks' Private LTE Network for Critical Infrastructure    196
    Figure 33: KRNA's Wonju-Gangneung HSR (High-Speed Railway) Line    202
    Figure 34: LG Chem's Private LTE Network for IoT Services    205
    Figure 35: Ocado's 4G-Based Wireless Control System for Warehouse Automation    209
    Figure 36: User Segments and Applications of the RESCAN LTE Network    219
    Figure 37: Rio Tinto's Private LTE Network    221
    Figure 38: Key Architectural Elements of the Rivas Vaciamadrid Smart eLTE Network    224
    Figure 39: Deployable LTE Platform & Terminals for the Tham Luang Cave Rescue    226
    Figure 40: Shanghai Police Convergent Command Center    229
    Figure 41: South Korea’s Safe-Net Deployment Plan & Timeline    231
    Figure 42: Southern Linc's LTE Network Architecture    234
    Figure 43: Tampnet's LTE Coverage in the North Sea    237
    Figure 44: Tampnet's LTE & GSM Coverage in the Gulf of Mexico    238
    Figure 45: Ukkoverkot's Hardened, Multi-Access Mobile Broadband Service Architecture for Critical Communications    244
    Figure 46: United Kingdom's ESN Deployment Timeline    250
    Figure 47: Zhengzhou Metro's LTE-Based Train-Ground Communications Network    253
    Figure 48: 3.5 GHz CBRS Three-Tiered Shared Spectrum in the United States    340
    Figure 49: ETSI's Critical Communications System Reference Model    371
    Figure 50: SpiceNet (Standardized PPDR Interoperable Communication Service for Europe) Reference Architecture    381
    Figure 51: Future Roadmap for Private LTE & 5G Networks: 2020 – 2030    404
    Figure 52: Private LTE & 5G Network Value Chain    409
    Figure 53: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1132
    Figure 54: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue by Submarket: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1133
    Figure 55: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1133
    Figure 56: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1134
    Figure 57: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1134
    Figure 58: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue by Technology: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1135
    Figure 59: Global Private LTE Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1135
    Figure 60: Global Private LTE Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)    1136
    Figure 61: Global Private LTE Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)    1136
    Figure 62: Global Private LTE Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1137
    Figure 63: Global Private LTE Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1137
    Figure 64: Global Private 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)    1138
    Figure 65: Global Private 5G Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)    1138
    Figure 66: Global Private 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)    1139
    Figure 67: Global Private 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1139
    Figure 68: Global Private 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1140
    Figure 69: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments by Spectrum Type: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)    1141
    Figure 70: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue by Spectrum Type: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)    1141
    Figure 71: Global Licensed Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)    1142
    Figure 72: Global Licensed Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)    1142
    Figure 73: Global Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)    1143
    Figure 74: Global Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)    1143
    Figure 75: Global Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments by Frequency Band: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)    1144
    Figure 76: Global Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue by Frequency Band: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)    1144
    Figure 77: Global 1.9 GHz sXGP/DECT Unlicensed Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)    1145
    Figure 78: Global 1.9 GHz sXGP/DECT Unlicensed Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)    1145
    Figure 79: Global 2.4 GHz Unlicensed Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)    1146
    Figure 80: Global 2.4 GHz Unlicensed Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)    1146
    Figure 81: Global 3.5 GHz CBRS Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)    1147
    Figure 82: Global 3.5 GHz CBRS Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)    1147
    Figure 83: Global 5 GHz Unlicensed Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)    1148
    Figure 84: Global 5 GHz Unlicensed Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)    1148
    Figure 85: Global Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Other Bands: 2020 – 2030 (Thousands of Units)    1149
    Figure 86: Global Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Other Bands: 2020 – 2030 ($ Million)    1149
    Figure 87: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue by Vertical Market: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1150
    Figure 88: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1151
    Figure 89: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1151
    Figure 90: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030    1152
    Figure 91: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1152
    Figure 92: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1153
    Figure 93: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1153
    Figure 94: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Public Safety Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1154
    Figure 95: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Public Safety Sector, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1154
    Figure 96: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in the Public Safety Sector: 2020 – 2030    1155
    Figure 97: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in the Public Safety Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1155
    Figure 98: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in the Public Safety Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1156
    Figure 99: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in the Public Safety Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1156
    Figure 100: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Military Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1157
    Figure 101: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Military Sector, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1157
    Figure 102: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in the Military Sector: 2020 – 2030    1158
    Figure 103: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in the Military Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1158
    Figure 104: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in the Military Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1159
    Figure 105: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in the Military Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1159
    Figure 106: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Energy Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1160
    Figure 107: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Energy Sector, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1160
    Figure 108: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in the Energy Sector: 2020 – 2030    1161
    Figure 109: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in the Energy Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1161
    Figure 110: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in the Energy Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1162
    Figure 111: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in the Energy Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1162
    Figure 112: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Utilities Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1163
    Figure 113: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Utilities Sector, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1163
    Figure 114: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in the Utilities Sector: 2020 – 2030    1164
    Figure 115: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in the Utilities Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1164
    Figure 116: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in the Utilities Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1165
    Figure 117: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in the Utilities Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1165
    Figure 118: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Mining Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1166
    Figure 119: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Mining Sector, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1166
    Figure 120: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in the Mining Sector: 2020 – 2030    1167
    Figure 121: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in the Mining Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1167
    Figure 122: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in the Mining Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1168
    Figure 123: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in the Mining Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1168
    Figure 124: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Transportation Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1169
    Figure 125: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Transportation Sector, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1169
    Figure 126: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in the Transportation Sector: 2020 – 2030    1170
    Figure 127: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in the Transportation Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1170
    Figure 128: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in the Transportation Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1171
    Figure 129: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in the Transportation Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1171
    Figure 130: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Factories & Warehouses Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1172
    Figure 131: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in the Factories & Warehouses Sector, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1172
    Figure 132: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in the Factories & Warehouses Sector: 2020 – 2030    1173
    Figure 133: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in the Factories & Warehouses Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1173
    Figure 134: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in the Factories & Warehouses Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1174
    Figure 135: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in the Factories & Warehouses Sector: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1174
    Figure 136: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Other Critical Communications & Industrial IoT Sectors: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1175
    Figure 137: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Other Critical Communications & Industrial IoT Sectors, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1175
    Figure 138: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Other Critical Communications & Industrial IoT Sectors: 2020 – 2030    1176
    Figure 139: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Other Critical Communications & Industrial IoT Sectors: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1176
    Figure 140: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Other Critical Communications & Industrial IoT Sectors: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1177
    Figure 141: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Other Critical Communications & Industrial IoT Sectors: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1177
    Figure 142: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1178
    Figure 143: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1178
    Figure 144: Global Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1179
    Figure 145: Global Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1179
    Figure 146: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1180
    Figure 147: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1180
    Figure 148: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1181
    Figure 149: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts, by Submarket: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1181
    Figure 150: Global Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1182
    Figure 151: Global Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1182
    Figure 152: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1183
    Figure 153: Global Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1183
    Figure 154: Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1184
    Figure 155: Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1184
    Figure 156: Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1185
    Figure 157: Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1185
    Figure 158: Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT, by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1186
    Figure 159: Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT, by Region: 2020 – 2030    1186
    Figure 160: Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT, by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1187
    Figure 161: Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT, by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1187
    Figure 162: Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT, by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1188
    Figure 163: Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments, by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1189
    Figure 164: Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments, by Region: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1189
    Figure 165: Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments, by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1190
    Figure 166: Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments, by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1190
    Figure 167: Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments, by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1191
    Figure 168: Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts, by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1192
    Figure 169: Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts, by Region: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1192
    Figure 170: Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts, by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1193
    Figure 171: Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts, by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1193
    Figure 172: Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts, by Region: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1194
    Figure 173: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1195
    Figure 174: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1195
    Figure 175: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1196
    Figure 176: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1196
    Figure 177: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1197
    Figure 178: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030    1197
    Figure 179: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1198
    Figure 180: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1198
    Figure 181: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1199
    Figure 182: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1200
    Figure 183: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1200
    Figure 184: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1201
    Figure 185: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1201
    Figure 186: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1202
    Figure 187: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1203
    Figure 188: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1203
    Figure 189: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1204
    Figure 190: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1204
    Figure 191: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1205
    Figure 192: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1206
    Figure 193: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1206
    Figure 194: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1207
    Figure 195: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1207
    Figure 196: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1208
    Figure 197: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030    1208
    Figure 198: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1209
    Figure 199: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1209
    Figure 200: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1210
    Figure 201: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1211
    Figure 202: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1211
    Figure 203: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1212
    Figure 204: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1212
    Figure 205: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1213
    Figure 206: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1214
    Figure 207: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1214
    Figure 208: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1215
    Figure 209: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1215
    Figure 210: Eastern Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1216
    Figure 211: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1217
    Figure 212: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1217
    Figure 213: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1218
    Figure 214: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1218
    Figure 215: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1219
    Figure 216: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030    1219
    Figure 217: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1220
    Figure 218: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1220
    Figure 219: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1221
    Figure 220: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1222
    Figure 221: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1222
    Figure 222: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1223
    Figure 223: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1223
    Figure 224: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1224
    Figure 225: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1225
    Figure 226: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1225
    Figure 227: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1226
    Figure 228: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1226
    Figure 229: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1227
    Figure 230: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1228
    Figure 231: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1228
    Figure 232: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1229
    Figure 233: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1229
    Figure 234: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1230
    Figure 235: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030    1230
    Figure 236: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1231
    Figure 237: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1231
    Figure 238: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1232
    Figure 239: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1233
    Figure 240: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1233
    Figure 241: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1234
    Figure 242: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1234
    Figure 243: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1235
    Figure 244: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1236
    Figure 245: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1236
    Figure 246: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1237
    Figure 247: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1237
    Figure 248: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1238
    Figure 249: North America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1239
    Figure 250: North America Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1239
    Figure 251: North America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1240
    Figure 252: North America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1240
    Figure 253: North America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1241
    Figure 254: North America Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030    1241
    Figure 255: North America Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1242
    Figure 256: North America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1242
    Figure 257: North America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1243
    Figure 258: North America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1244
    Figure 259: North America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1244
    Figure 260: North America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1245
    Figure 261: North America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1245
    Figure 262: North America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1246
    Figure 263: North America Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1247
    Figure 264: North America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1247
    Figure 265: North America Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1248
    Figure 266: North America Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1248
    Figure 267: North America Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1249
    Figure 268: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1250
    Figure 269: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1250
    Figure 270: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1251
    Figure 271: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1251
    Figure 272: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1252
    Figure 273: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030    1252
    Figure 274: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipment Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1253
    Figure 275: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1253
    Figure 276: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Critical Communications & Industrial IoT: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1254
    Figure 277: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1255
    Figure 278: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1255
    Figure 279: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1256
    Figure 280: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1256
    Figure 281: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Enterprise & Campus Environments: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1257
    Figure 282: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1258
    Figure 283: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipments in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  (Thousands of Units)    1258
    Figure 284: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1259
    Figure 285: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1259
    Figure 286: Western Europe Private LTE & 5G Backhaul & Transport Revenue in Public Venues & Other Neutral Hosts: 2020 – 2030  ($ Million)    1260
    Figure 287: Global Share of Unlicensed/Shared Spectrum Private LTE & 5G Base Station Unit Shipments by Frequency Band: 2020 (%)    1266